Into to human diversity: Cultural Differences in Worldviews ch 3
�a psychological perception of the world that determines how we think, behave, and feel
Reflect the ways in which the world is filtered though one's experiences and teachings.
�an attempt to build theories of human behavior by examining commonalities across many cultures
- Attempts to find commonalities across cultures.
- It examines cultures from the OUTSIDE to build theories that
develop universal aspects of human behavior
- A culturally universal perspective
- Examines only ONE culture from WITHIN that culture
- This approach attempts to derive what is meaningful among group members.
- Indigenous and cultural psychology approach to investigation
- Culturally SPECIFIC perspective
�an attempt to derive meaningful concepts within one culture
- Sometimes observers assume that behaviors or concepts are universal or have the same meaning they do in observers' culture.
what has to do with imposing a Worldview?
�- the imposition of one culture's worldview on another culture, assuming that one's own worldviews are universal
�Cultures that tend to place rights of individuals over the collective
�Cultures that tend to place rights of collective over the individual
cultural differences in interpretation that are not meant to harm others but that cause problems because there are different emic interpretations of situations or concepts
�Well-meaning clashes
...... [need book definition]
�Can you think of a time you had a "well-meaning" clash?
�- a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by their own preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of a group or collective in which the individual is a member
�a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by the group's or collective's preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of the individual
ways of characterizing the dominant perspectives of societies.
�The individual and society
�ways of characterizing individuals
Idiocentrism and allocentrism
an individual is this in an individualistic society, when his or her perspective will be in concert with society's perspective
�individualistic tendencies that reside within an individual. Individualism refers to the society; whereas idiocentrism refers to an individual
if an individual is this in an individualistic society when his ooo her perspective will be at odds with society's perspective.
�collectivistic tendencies that reside within an individual
these are a certain percentage of people who find themselves mismatched with respect to their society's perspective.
Countercultural individuals
�idiocentric individuals residing in a collectivistic culture; or allocentric individuals residing in an individualistic culture
Countercultural individuals
�A great deal of power distance between those high in authority and those not in authority was labeled "masculine;" less power distance was labeled "feminine.
�Masculine - feminine dimension
a negative emotion in I cultures that reflects personal regret
a negative emotion in C cultures for engaging in behavior that reflects badly on the family
know difference between guilt and shame
�Skip:
�face giving and social
support;
�value orientation and worldview
what has too do with Sue's worldview model?
* Locus of control:
- Internal control [IC]
- External control [EC]
* Locus of responsibility
�the focus of control over outcomes of one's life, be it internal or external
�refers to people's beliefs that reinforcements are contingent on their own actions and that they can shape their own fate
�refers to people's beliefs that reinforcing events occur independently of their actions and that the future is determined more by chance and luck.
�the focus of responsibility for one's position in life, be it internal feelings of responsibility or external, societal responsibility
�This dimension measures the degree of responsibility or blame placed on the individual or system.
more specifically, what is part of Sue's worldview model?
- Internal locus of control/internal locus of responsibility [Q1]
- External locus of control/internal
locus of responsibility [Q2]
- External locus of control/external locus of responsibility [Q3]
- Internal locus of control/external locus of responsibil
�- dominant view in U.S.
- person has control over their own lives and is responsible for position in life
Internal locus of control/internal locus of responsibility [Q1]
�have little control over their lives yet accept society's view that they have responsibility for their position
External locus of control/internal locus of responsibility [Q2]
�have little control over their lives and also feel that the dominant societal system is against them
External locus of control/external locus of responsibility [Q3]
�believe they have high potential abilities and could control their lives if the system of oppression and "isms" were not preventing them from realizing their full potential
�
Internal locus of control/external locus of responsibility [Q4]
-Sue's model suggests this is veery important in shaping one's view of the world.
�Ethnic Minority Worldview
- Helms's acronym for African Americans, Latinxs, Asian American, and Native Americans
- they refer to dominant ethnic minority groups
- Helm's acronym for members of visible racial/ ethnic groups
- Visible racial/ ethnic groups to avoid the term minority because that term implies" an inescapable psychological reminder of the disempowered status of individuals who are not
"White
individuals whose families have either recently emigrated from Europe or held on to their country- of- origin identification
What distinguishes European Americans ethnics from ALANA's or VREGs?
European Americans ethnics can blend into society and be indistinguishable from European Americans who have been in this country for several generations. ALANAs cannot blend this way because their physical features distinguish them from thee European Amer
different from a mans world, especially regarding safety and work expectations. Women are often shaped by society's standards of beauty, which are applied to women and not to men. This is particularly true for girls and women of color
women tend to have a higher incidence of depression, postpartum depression, and eating disorders. Eating disorders affect women more than men because thinness is considered an important component of feminine beauty. What does this have to do with?
some LGBT individuals also believe that they are always on display or are a source or curiosity. Therefore, they can never feel completely at ease around straight individuals
�Worldview of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals
- The ability to wait for a more desirable reward instead of taking a less desirable reward immediately
involves differences between cultures in interpreting concepts and terms.
attempts to find commonalities across cultures
may be initially defined as a social pattern consisting of closely linked individuals whoo see themselves as parts of one or more of these [family, co-workers, tribe, nation] are primarily motivated by the norms of, and duties imposed by, these groups
- are willing to give priority to the goals of these collectives over their own personal goals
- emphasize their connectedness to members of these collectives.
is a social patterns that consists of loosely linked individuals who view themselves as independent of
collectives
- are primarily motivated by their own preferences, needs, rights, and the contracts they have established with others
- give priority to th
in collectivist societies there are these types of people who look for the earliest opportunity to escape the "oppression" of their ingroups
- these people reject conformity to the in-group and are most likely to leave their culture and seek membership in
in individualistic societies there are these people who reject individual pursuits and join gangs. clubs, communes, and other collectives
a country is which there was a great deal of power distance between people who were high in authority and people who were not in authority are known to be labeled as this type of country
a country in which there was less power distance between these two points in the authority hierarchy was labeled this type of country
- In individualistic societies, this is a prominent negative emotion
- in fact,
psychoanalytic theory places this as one of the fundamental ways of punishing ourselves for violations of cultural expectations
according to psychoanalytic theory, our behaviors are a result of this
- [particularly asian societies] tend to place more emphasis on this as a motivating negative emotion.
- this is more of a collectivistic con eat wherein the offending behavior is a reflection of one's upbringing or community
involves being publicly revealed for negative behavior
involves being able to protect one's public persona
- Western
- Educated
- industrialized
- rich
- democratic
we can control our own lives because of our own abilities. The American dream is based on this worldview, and this who fail may fall victim to problems such as depression and guilt becaue they believe that they have no one but themselves to blame for thei
internal locus of control and internal locus of responsibility
Quadrant 1
describes
the individuals. They feel caught between two worlds, yet they do not see racism as having any relevance to their position
- Stonequist's concept of how one feels when one is caught between wolds
marginal man in external C and internal R
quadrant 2
This is a recipe for disaster, and individuals often give up trying to succeed. Seligman's notion of learned helplessness is often associated with this quadrant.
- this concept suggests that people can become depressed because
they have learned that no ma
- External C and External R
- Quadrant 3
- these individuals take pride in their ethnicities and strongly identify with their own ethnicity and that of others who see the injustices in the world
- Internal C and External R
- Quadrant 4
what is one example of how one determines whether one develops EC- ER worldview or IC- ER worldview ?
one's experience with racism
many individuals who had little exposure to racism seemed to tale the internment experience very hard and developed this worldview
Many people who had actively experienced the racism around them seemed to understand that this was an apporessive system against which they had to resist, and they seemed to develop this worldview knowing that they had their own abilities and that this ab