intelligence test | a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. |
intelligence | mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. |
general intelligence | an overall cognitive ability that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. |
factor analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score. |
savant syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. |
emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. |
mental age | measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. |
Stanford-Binet | the widely used American revision of the original intelligence test. |
intelligence quotient [IQ] | defined originally as the ratio of mental age [ma] to chronological age [ca] multiplied by 100 [thus, IQ = ma/ca × 100]. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100 |
achievement tests | tests designed to assess what a person has learned. |
aptitude tests | tests designed to predict a person’s future performance |
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [WAIS] | the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance [nonverbal] subtests. |
standardization | defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. |
normal curve | a symmetrical, bell-shaped graph that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean [68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it] and fewer and fewer near the extremes. |
reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting. |
validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. |
content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. |
predictive validity | the success with which a test forecasts the behavior it is designed to forecast; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. |
intellectual disability | [formerly referred to as mental retardation] a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. |
Down syndrome | a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. |
stereotype threat | a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative condition |
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Intelligence
intelligence test | a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores |
mental age | a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8 |
Stanford-Binet | the widely used American revision [by Terman at Stanford University] of Binet's original intelligence test |
intelligence quotient [IQ] | defined originally as the ratio of mental age [ma] to chronological age [ca] multiplied by 100 [thus, IQ= ma/ca x 100]. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance fir a given age is assigned a score of 100 |
intelligence | mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
factor analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items [calles factors] on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score |
general intelligence [g] | a general intelligence factor that Spearman and others believed underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test |
savant syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise limited ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as computation or drawing |
emotional intelligence | the ability to percieve, express, understand, and regulate emotions |
creativity | the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas |
aptitude test | a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn |
achievement test | a test designed to assess what a person has learned |
Wechsler Asult Intelligence Scale [WAIS] | the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance [nonverbal] subtests |
standardization | defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested "standardization group" |
normal curve | the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes |
reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting |
validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to |
content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest [such as driving test that samples driving tasks] |
criterion | the behavior [such as college grades] that a test [such as the SAT] is designed to predict; thus, the measure in used defining whether the test has predictive validity |
predictive validity | the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scored and the criterion behavior |
mental retardation | a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score below 70 and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life, varies from mild to profuse |
Down syndrome | a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic make up |
stereotype threat | a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype |
Is the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance?
Mental age is the chronological age that typically corresponds to a particular level of performance. Example: A ten-year-old child whose score indicates a mental age of twelve performed like a typical twelve-year-old.
Which term is used as the measure of intelligence where a level of performance is based on chronological age?
Mental age: Based on the average level of performance for a particular chronological age, mental age represents a child's level of cognitive ability. Stanford-Binet IQ Test: An early IQ test created by Terman that originally measured intelligence by dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Which term is a measure of a person's mental age compared to their chronological age?
The test is scored in terms of intelligence quotient, or IQ, a concept first suggested by German psychologist William Stern and adopted by Lewis Terman in the Stanford-Binet Scale. The IQ was originally computed as the ratio of a person's mental age to his chronological [physical] age, multiplied by 100.
What is the most commonly used intelligence test?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition [WAIS-IV]
The WAIS-IV is the most commonly used test of intelligence for persons aged 16 through 75 years, and may be the intelligence test chosen if your child is a teenager above the age of 15.