What is the probability of drawing 2 aces from a deck of cards without replacement?
Video TranscriptWhat is the probability of drawing two aces in random draws without replacement from a full deck of cards? Well you need to know that a full deck of cards has 52 cards and that there are four aces in that card. So if you're going to draw twice, Then that first draw has four possibilities out of 52 cards, that's going to reduce to 1/13. The second choice. Now you you're not putting that ace back, so now there's only three aces in that deck and there are 51 cards in the deck because you didn't put that ace back, That's gonna reduce to 1/17. Now I'm gonna multiply that together. So let's see what 17 times 13 is. So that's gonna be one out of 221. Show
ProbabilityCalculation of ProbabilitySince inductive arguments only tend to show that their conclusions are likely to be true, we turn in today's lesson to a quick overview of modern probability theory. We assume from the outset that what may be said to be probable is the occurrence of an event, the sort of thing that could be described in a statement or proposition. If we assign a numerical value of 1.0 as the probability of an event that must happen (signified by a tautologous statement) and a numerical value of 0.0 as that of an event that cannot happen (signified by a self-contradiction), then every degree of probability that lies in between these two extremes can be expressed as a decimal or fraction between 0.0 and 1.0. There are two theories about what these numerical representations of probability might mean. A classical theory supposes that probability of an event is the degree to which it would be rational to believe the truth of a proposition describing the event. A frequency theory, on the other hand, supposes that the probability of an event is just a report of the relative frequency with which events of a similar sort have actually occurred in the past. In most of our examples here, we'll use simple combinatorial arithmetic to assign the initial probability , of an event A. From this, we can readily calculate the probability of the co-occurrence of separate events. Joint OccurrencesProvided that we have already assigned initial probabilities for the occurrence of each of two events, A and B, then we calculate the probability that both events will happen by applying the formula for the joint occurrence of two events: P(A • B) = P(A) × P(B, if A) That is, the probability that both events will happen is equal to the probability that the first will happen multiplied by the probability that the second will happen if the first already has. Thus, for example:
Alternative OccurrencesAgain assuming that we have already assigned initial probabilities for the occurrence of the two events, A and B, then we calculate the probability that at least one of these events events will happen by applying the formula for alternative occurrence of two events: P(A ∨ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A • B) That is, the probability that one or the other or both of two events will occur is equal to the probability that the first will occur, plus the probability that the second will occur, minus the probability that they both occur. (The final term in this formula provides a necessary correction because we have already counted the joint occurrence twice, once in each of the other terms.) Thus, for example:
Expected ValueIn any situation where there are multiple outcomes with different likelihoods, we calculate the expected value of an investment by multiplying the value of each outcome by the probability that it will occur and then adding all of our results together. Suppose, for example, that a charity raffle plans to sell 1000 tickets and then to award one prize of $1000, three prizes of $500, and twelve prizes of $100. Assuming that no ticket is permitted to win more than one prize, the likelihood that a ticket will win the grand prize is 1/1000, that it will win one of the second prizes 3/1000, that it will win one of the other prizes 12/1000, and that it will win no prize 984/1000. Summing the products, we find that: Grand prize 1/1000 × $1000 $1.00
Second prize 3/1000 × $ 500 $1.50
Other prize 12/1000 × $ 100 $1.20
No prize 984/1000 × $ 0 $ .00
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$3.70
Since the expected value of each ticket is $3.70, if they cost $10.00, the charity will receive most of the proceeds. The Philosophy Pages by Garth Kemerling are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://www.philosophypages.com/referral/contact.htm. ©1997, 2011 Garth Kemerling. What is the probability of drawing 2 aces from a deck of cards with replacement?25 (1/4). The chance of drawing one of the four aces from a standard deck of 52 cards is 4/52; but the chance of drawing a second ace is only 3/51, because after we drew the first ace, there were only three aces among the remaining 51 cards.
What are the odds of 2 aces?Of these hands, exactly 12 have aces in both the L and R positions. The odds that both cards are aces, given that at least one is an ace, is therefore 12 / 396 = 1 / 33, the same solution as found before.
What is the probability of drawing 2 Hearts from a standard deck of cards without replacement?so the probability is P(two hearts) = 13 × 12 52 × 51 ≈ 5.88%.
What is the probability of drawing 2 aces from a standard deck of cards given the first card is an ace?In a standard deck of card, there are 4 aces. 1 ace is given out of 2 card that we have to draw. so, the probability of second ace is 3 out of 51.
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