What is the difference between a situational attribution and a dispositional attribution quizlet?
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Terms in this set (16)Introduction Humans are social animals and have a need to understand why things happen, partly through how/why people behave in certain situations Heider Suggested that all people have a tendency to try to predict, understand, and explain human behavior, in terms of what causes people to behave in the ways that they do Define Attribution How people interpret and explain causal relationships in the social world and society. Attribution theory This was formalized in Heider's Attribution Theory (AT). In this, it is proposed that people use inferences and knowledge from past events to explain human behavior Two types of errors Attributions can be broken down into two categories, situational and dispositional. Situational attribution is behavior attributed external factors such as luck, roles, laws. Dispositional attribution is behavior attributed to internal factors such as personality, beliefs, mood. Introduce attribution errors Psychologists have discovered that when attributing behavior, people can often make errors and biases Define attribution error A false assumption or distortion in judgement about the causes of our own or other people's behavior The two types of attribution errors Fundamental attribution error & self-serving bias Fundamental attribution error The tendency to attribute another's behavior to dispositional qualities, rather than the situation itself. Ross study The aim was to see if student participants would make the FAE even when they knew all the actors were playing a role. Participants were randomly assigned the role of either game show host (asked to design their own questions), contestant (answered questions), or audience member (watched the game show). After the game show, audience members ranked the intelligence of the hosts and contestants. Participants consistently ranked the host as the most intelligent, even though they knew they were randomly assigned this role and that they had written the questions. Ross conclusion/connection They failed to attribute the host's behavior to situational factors of the role they had been randomly assigned. Instead, they attributed his performance to dispositional factors (intelligence). This study reflects and demonstrates that the FAE occurs because participants attributed the behavior and contestants to dispositional factors (intelligence) rather than situational facotrs (role). They argued that the observers and contestants had ignored the fact that the questioners had an unfair situational advantage (compiled the questions) and had overestimated dispositional factors in making their judgements. Ross limitations Participants were all university students (listen to professors who ask questions and provide answers like the game show host and see them as authority figures, the belief that authority figures who ask questions are intelligent could be a learned response rather than an attribution error) and the sample is not representative (small school) FAE evaluation Can offer an explanation as to how things happen. They provide comfort in our lives and sometimes are correct, but often oversimplify things. Self-serving bias The tendency to attribute success to stable, dispositional factors and failures to temporary, situational facotrs Lau & Russel American football coaches and players tend to attribute wins to internal factors and losses to external factors Explanations for SSB Attributing success to internal factors puts ourselves in a positive light to others. Disassociating ourselves from failure protects self-esteem. Taking responsibility for success enhances self-esteem Sets with similar termsDescribe the role of situational and dis…31 terms MLCNicoleMoore Chapter 722 terms danielle_harrington-13 Chapter 14 part 154 terms caroline_michalek Chapter 4 - Understanding Others29 terms camille_solomon9 Other sets by this creatorDMV84 terms gabriela2354 Scientist4 terms gabriela2354 Cell transport9 terms gabriela2354 organic molecules11 terms gabriela2354 Other Quizlet setsSJND - Justice and Peace - Chapter 420 terms Emily_Stehr Bio 102- Final Exam71 terms JaeydenHM Chapter 1 AMSCO Questions and Answers14 terms Julia__Warren__ Pageant Chap. 3226 terms Kaitlyn_Tacdol What is the difference between a situational attribution and a dispositional attribution?In an internal, or dispositional, attribution, people infer that an event or a person's behavior is due to personal factors such as traits, abilities, or feelings. In an external, or situational, attribution, people infer that a person's behavior is due to situational factors.
What is the difference between situational and dispositional?Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
What is a situational attribution?Situational Attribution
The process of assigning the cause of behavior to some situation or event outside a person's control rather than to some internal characteristic. When we try to explain our own behavior we tend to make external attributions, such as situational or environment features.
What is an example of a dispositional attribution and a situational attribution?Dispositional attribution is when we perceive an event to be caused by an internal factor, while situational attribution is when we perceive an event as caused by an external factor. An example of situational attribution is when we blame the weather for being late to work.
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