Which of the following commands is the most fundamental of the networkmanager interfaces?
NetworkManager is a program for providing detection and configuration for systems to automatically connect to networks. NetworkManager's functionality can be useful for both wireless and wired networks. For wireless networks, NetworkManager prefers known wireless networks and has the ability to switch to the most reliable network. NetworkManager-aware applications can switch from online and offline mode. NetworkManager also prefers wired connections over wireless ones, has support for modem connections and certain types of VPN. NetworkManager was originally developed by Red Hat and now is hosted by the GNOME project. Show
Warning: By default, secrets (e.g. WiFi passwords) are accessible to the root user in the filesystem and to users with access to settings via the GUI (e.g. nm-applet). see #Encrypted Wi-Fi passwords. InstallationNetworkManager can be installed with the package networkmanager, which contains
a daemon, a command line interface ( Enable NetworkManagerAfter installation, you should start/enable Additional interfaces
Mobile broadband supportNetworkManager uses ModemManager for mobile broadband connection support. Install modemmanager and
usb_modeswitch. Afterwards enable and start It may be necessary to restart Add connections from a front-end (e.g. nm-connection-editor) and select mobile broadband as the connection type. After selecting your ISP and billing plan, APN and other settings should be filled in automatically using information from mobile-broadband-provider-info. PPPoE / DSL supportInstall
rp-pppoe package for PPPoE / DSL connection support. To actually add PPPoE connection, use VPN supportNetworkManager since version 1.16 has native support for WireGuard, all it needs is the Support for other VPN types is based on a plug-in system. They are provided in the following packages:
Warning: There are a lot of bugs related to VPN support. Check the daemon processes options set via the GUI correctly and double-check with each package release. Note: To have fully functioning DNS resolution when using VPN, you should set up conditional forwarding. UsageNetworkManager comes with nmcli(1) and nmtui(1). nmcli examplesList nearby Wi-Fi networks: $ nmcli device wifi list Connect to a Wi-Fi network: $ nmcli device wifi connect SSID_or_BSSID password password Connect to a hidden Wi-Fi network: $ nmcli device wifi connect SSID_or_BSSID password password hidden yes Connect to a Wi-Fi on the $ nmcli device wifi connect SSID_or_BSSID password password ifname wlan1 profile_name Disconnect an interface: $ nmcli device disconnect ifname eth0 Get a list of connections with their names, UUIDs, types and backing devices: $ nmcli connection show Activate a connection (i.e. connect to a network with an existing profile): $ nmcli connection up name_or_uuid Delete a connection: $ nmcli connection delete name_or_uuid See a list of network devices and their state: $ nmcli device Turn off Wi-Fi: $ nmcli radio wifi off Edit a connectionFor a comprehensive list of settings, see nm-settings(5). Firstly, you need to get a list of connections: $ nmcli connection NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE Wired connection 2 e7054040-a421-3bef-965d-bb7d60b7cecf ethernet enp5s0 Wired connection 1 997f2782-f0fc-301d-bfba-15421a2735d8 ethernet enp0s25 MY-HOME-WIFI-5G 92a0f7b3-2eba-49ab-a899-24d83978f308 wifi -- Here you can use the first column as connection-id used later. In this example, we pick You have three methods to configure a connection nmcli connection edit 'Wired connection 2' .Usage is well documented from the editor.nmcli command line interface nmcli connection modify 'Wired connection 2' setting.property value . See nmcli(1) for usage. For example, you can change its IPv4 route metric to 200 using nmcli connection modify 'Wired connection 2' ipv4.route-metric 200 command.To remove a setting, pass an empty field ("") to it like this: nmcli connection modify 'Wired connection 2' setting.property "" Connection
fileIn /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ , modify the corresponding Wired connection 2.nmconnection file .Do not forget to reload the configuration file with nmcli connection reload .Front-endsTo configure and have easy access to NetworkManager, most users will want to install an applet. This GUI front-end usually resides in the system tray (or notification area) and allows network selection and configuration of NetworkManager. Various desktop environments have their own applet. Otherwise you can use #nm-applet. GNOMEGNOME has a built-in tool, accessible from the Network settings. KDE PlasmaInstall the plasma-nm package. After that, add it to the KDE taskbar via the Panel options > Add widgets > Networks menu. nm-appletnetwork-manager-applet is a GTK 3 front-end which works under Xorg environments with a systray. To store connection secrets install and configure GNOME/Keyring. Be aware that after enabling the tick-box option In order to run nmgui #!/bin/sh nm-applet 2>&1 > /dev/null & stalonetray 2>&1 > /dev/null killall nm-applet When you close the stalonetray window, it closes The applet can show notifications for events such as connecting to or disconnecting from a WiFi network. For these notifications to display, ensure that you have a notification server installed - see Desktop notifications. If you use the applet without a notification server, you might see some messages in stdout/stderr, and the applet might hang. See [1]. In order to run $ nm-applet --no-agent Tip: Exec=nm-applet --no-agent Warning: On i3, if nm-applet is started with the AppindicatorAs of version 1.18.0 Appindicator support is available in the official network-manager-applet package. To use nm-applet in an Appindicator environment start the applet with the following command: $ nm-applet --indicator Alternatively there is
networkmanager-dmenu-gitAUR which is a small script to manage NetworkManager connections with dmenu or rofi instead of ConfigurationNetworkManager will require some additional steps to be able run properly. Make sure you have configured NetworkManager has a global configuration file at After editing a configuration file, the changes can be applied by running: # nmcli general reload NetworkManager-wait-onlineEnabling By
default, [Service] ExecStart= ExecStart=/usr/bin/nm-online -q Be aware that this can cause other issues. In some cases, the service will still fail to start successfully on boot due to the timeout setting being too short. Edit the service to change Set up PolicyKit permissionsBy default, all users in active local sessions are allowed to change most network settings without a password. See General troubleshooting#Session permissions to check your session type. In most cases, everything should work out of the box. Some actions (such as changing the system hostname) require an administrator password. In this case, you need to add yourself to the For remote sessions (e.g. headless VNC), you have several options for obtaining the necessary privileges to use NetworkManager:
Proxy settingsNetworkManager does not directly handle proxy settings, but if you are using GNOME or KDE, you could use proxydriverAUR which handles proxy settings using NetworkManager's information. In order for proxydriver to be able to change the proxy settings, you would need to execute this command, as part of the GNOME startup process (see GNOME#Autostart). $ xhost +si:localuser:username See also Proxy settings. Checking connectivityNetworkManager can try to reach a webserver after connecting to a network in order to determine if it is e.g behind a captive portal. The default host (configured in /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/20-connectivity.conf [connectivity] uri=http://nmcheck.gnome.org/check_network_status.txt To disable NetworkManager's connectivity check, use the following configuration. This can be useful when connected to a VPN that blocks connectivity checks. /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/20-connectivity.conf [connectivity] enabled=false Note: Although automatic connectivity checks are a potential privacy leak, Arch Linux's default connectivity URL is committed to not logging any access. See [2] [3]. Captive portalsThis article or section needs language, wiki syntax or style improvements. See Help:Style for reference.Reason: Complex scripts should not be maintained on the wiki. (Discuss in Talk:NetworkManager) For those behind a captive portal, the desktop manager may automatically open a window asking for credentials. If your desktop does not, you can use capnet-assist package (however, it currently it has a broken NetworkManager dispatcher script). Alternatively, you can create a NetworkManager dispatcher script with the following content: /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/90-open_captive_portal #!/bin/sh -e # Script to dispatch NetworkManager events # # Runs shows a login webpage on walled garden networks. # See NetworkManager(8) for further documentation of the dispatcher events. PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin if [ -x "/usr/bin/logger" ]; then logger="/usr/bin/logger -s -t captive-portal" else logger=":" fi wait_for_process() { PNAME=$1 while [ -z "$(/usr/bin/pgrep $PNAME)" ]; do sleep 3; done } #launch the browser, but on boot we need to wait that nm-applet starts start_browser() { local user="$1" local display="$2" export DISPLAY="$display" wait_for_process nm-applet export XAUTHORITY="/home/$user/.Xauthority" $logger "Running browser as '$user' with display '$display' to login in captive portal" sudo -u "$user" --preserve-env=DISPLAY,XAUTHORITY -H xdg-open http://capnet.elementary.io 2>&1 > /dev/null } # Run the right scripts case "$2" in connectivity-change) $logger -p user.debug "dispatcher script triggered on connectivity change: $CONNECTIVITY_STATE" if [ "$CONNECTIVITY_STATE" = "PORTAL" ]; then # Match last column of who's output with ' :[at least one digit] ' who | awk '$NF ~ /\(:[0-9]+\)/ { print $1 " " substr($NF, 2, length($NF)-2) };' | \ while read user display; do start_browser $user $display || $logger -p user.err "Failed for user: '$user' display: '$display'" done fi ;; *) # In a down phase exit 0 ;; esac You will need to restart Another solution is captive-browser-gitAUR based on Google Chrome. DHCP clientBy default NetworkManager uses its internal DHCP client. The internal DHCPv4 plugin is based on the nettools' n-dhcp4 library, while the internal DHCPv6 plugin is made from code based on systemd-networkd. To use a different DHCP client install one of the alternatives:
To change the DHCP client backend, set the option /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dhcp-client.conf [main] dhcp=dhclient Note:
DNS managementNetworkManager's DNS management is described in the GNOME project's wiki page—Projects/NetworkManager/DNS. DNS caching and conditional forwardingNetworkManager has a plugin to enable DNS caching and conditional forwarding (previously called "split DNS" in NetworkManager's documentation) using dnsmasq or systemd-resolved. The advantages of this setup is that DNS lookups will be cached, shortening resolve times, and DNS lookups of VPN hosts will be routed to the relevant VPN's DNS servers. This is especially useful if you are connected to more than one VPN. Note:
If dnsmasqMake sure dnsmasq has been installed. Then set /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dns.conf [main] dns=dnsmasq Now run Note:
Custom configurations can be created for dnsmasq by creating configuration files in /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/cache.conf cache-size=1000 You can check the configuration file syntax with: $ dnsmasq --test --conf-file=/dev/null --conf-dir=/etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d See dnsmasq(8) for all available options. IPv6The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.Reason: This does not solve the issue because NetworkManager does not add Enabling /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/ipv6-listen.conf listen-address=::1 In addition, The dnsmasq instance started by NetworkManager by default will not validate DNSSEC since it is started with the For dnsmasq to properly validate DNSSEC, thus breaking DNS resolution with name servers that do not support it, create the following configuration file: /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/dnssec.conf conf-file=/usr/share/dnsmasq/trust-anchors.conf dnssec systemd-resolvedThis article or section needs expansion.Reason: NetworkManager 1.16 adds a new setting NetworkManager can use
systemd-resolved as a DNS resolver and cache. Make sure that systemd-resolved is properly configured and that systemd-resolved will be used automatically if You can enable it explicitly by setting /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dns.conf [main] dns=systemd-resolved DNS resolver with an openresolv subscriberIf openresolv has a subscriber for your local DNS resolver, set up the subscriber and configure NetworkManager to use openresolv. Because NetworkManager advertises a single "interface" to resolvconf, it is not possible to implement conditional forwarding between two NetworkManager connections. See NetworkManager issue 153. This can be partially mitigated if you set Custom DNS serversSetting custom global DNS serversTo set DNS servers for all connections, specify them in NetworkManager.conf(5) using the syntax /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dns-servers.conf [global-dns-domain-*] servers=::1,127.0.0.1 Note:
Setting custom DNS servers in a connectionSetting custom DNS servers in a connection (GUI)Setup will depend on the type of front-end used; the process usually involves right-clicking on the applet, editing (or creating) a profile, and then choosing DHCP type as Automatic (specify addresses). The DNS addresses will need to be entered and are usually in this form: To setup DNS Servers per connection, you can use the If
/etc/resolv.confNetworkManager's Tip: Using openresolv allows NetworkManager to coexists with other resolvconf supporting software or, for example, to run a local DNS caching and split-DNS resolver for which openresolv has a subscriber. Note that conditional forwarding is not yet fully supported when using NetworkManager with openresolv. NetworkManager also offers hooks via so called dispatcher scripts that can be used to alter the Note:
Unmanaged /etc/resolv.confTo stop NetworkManager from touching /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dns.conf [main] dns=none Tip: You might also want to set After
that Use openresolvTo configure NetworkManager to use openresolv, set /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/rc-manager.conf [main] rc-manager=resolvconf FirewallYou can assign a firewalld zone based on your current connection. For example a restrictive firewall when at work, and a less restrictive one when at home. This can also be done with NetworkManager dispatcher. Network services with NetworkManager dispatcherThere are quite a few network services that you will not want running until NetworkManager brings up an interface. NetworkManager has the ability to start services when you connect to a network and stop them when you disconnect (e.g. when using NFS, SMB and NTPd). To activate the feature you need to enable and start the Once the service is active, scripts can be added to the Scripts must be owned by root, otherwise the dispatcher will not execute them. For added security, set group ownership to root as well: # chown root:root /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/10-script.sh Make sure the file is executable. The scripts will be run in alphabetical order at connection time, and in reverse alphabetical order at
disconnect time. To ensure what order they come up in, it is common to use numerical characters prior to the name of the script (e.g. Scripts will receive the following arguments:
Warning: If you connect to foreign or public networks, be aware of what services you are starting and what servers you expect to be available for them to connect to. You could make a security hole by starting the wrong services while connected to a public network. Avoiding the dispatcher timeoutIf the above is working, then this section is not relevant. However, there is a general problem related to running dispatcher scripts which take longer to be executed. Initially an internal timeout of three seconds only was used. If the called script did not complete in time, it was killed. Later the timeout was extended to about 20 seconds (see the
Bugtracker for more information). If the timeout still creates the problem, a work around may be to use a drop-in file for the /etc/systemd/system/NetworkManager-dispatcher.service.d/remain_after_exit.conf [Service] RemainAfterExit=yes Now start and enable the modified Warning: Adding the Dispatcher examplesMount remote directory with sshfsAs the script is run in a very restrictive environment, you have to export #!/bin/sh USER='username' REMOTE='user@host:/remote/path' LOCAL='/local/path' interface=$1 status=$2 if [ "$CONNECTION_UUID" = "uuid" ]; then case $status in up) # sleep 10 SSH_AUTH_SOCK=$(find /tmp -maxdepth 1 -type s -user "$USER" -name 'ssh') export SSH_AUTH_SOCK su "$USER" -c "sshfs $REMOTE $LOCAL" ;; down) fusermount -u "$LOCAL" ;; esac fi Mounting of SMB sharesSome SMB shares are only available on certain networks or locations (e.g. at home). You can use the dispatcher to only mount SMB shares that are present at your current location. The following script will check if we connected to a specific network and mount shares accordingly: /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/30-mount-smb.sh #!/bin/sh # Find the connection UUID with "nmcli connection show" in terminal. # All NetworkManager connection types are supported: wireless, VPN, wired... if [ "$2" = "up" ]; then if [ "$CONNECTION_UUID" = "uuid" ]; then mount /your/mount/point & # add more shares as needed fi fi The following script will unmount all SMB shares before a software initiated disconnect from a specific network: /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/pre-down.d/30-umount-smb.sh #!/bin/sh if [ "$CONNECTION_UUID" = "uuid" ]; then umount -a -l -t cifs fi Note: Make sure this script is located in the The following script will attempt to unmount all SMB shares following an unexpected disconnect from a specific network: /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/40-umount-smb.sh #!/bin/sh if [ "$CONNECTION_UUID" = "uuid" ]; then if [ "$2" = "down" ]; then umount -a -l -t cifs fi fi Note:
An alternative is to use the script as seen in NFS#Using a NetworkManager dispatcher: /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/30-smb.sh #!/bin/sh # Find the connection UUID with "nmcli con show" in terminal. # All NetworkManager connection types are supported: wireless, VPN, wired... WANTED_CON_UUID="CHANGE-ME-NOW-9c7eff15-010a-4b1c-a786-9b4efa218ba9" if [ "$CONNECTION_UUID" = "$WANTED_CON_UUID" ]; then # Script parameter $1: network interface name, not used # Script parameter $2: dispatched event case "$2" in "up") mount -a -t cifs ;; "down"|"pre-down"|"vpn-pre-down") umount -l -a -t cifs >/dev/null ;; esac fi Note: This script ignores mounts with the Create a
symlink inside # ln -s ../30-smb.sh /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/pre-down.d/30-smb.sh Mounting of NFS sharesSee NFS#Using a NetworkManager dispatcher. Use dispatcher to automatically toggle wireless depending on LAN cable being plugged inThe idea is to only turn Wi-Fi on when the LAN cable is unplugged (for example when detaching from a laptop dock), and for Wi-Fi to be automatically disabled, once a LAN cable is plugged in again. Create the following dispatcher script[6], replacing Note that there is a fail-safe for the case when the LAN interface was connected when the computer was last on, and then disconnected while the computer was off. That would mean the radio would still be off when the computer is turned back on, and with a disconnected LAN interface, you would have no network. /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/wlan_auto_toggle.sh #!/bin/sh if [ "$1" = "LAN_interface" ]; then case "$2" in up) nmcli radio wifi off ;; down) nmcli radio wifi on ;; esac elif [ "$(nmcli -g GENERAL.STATE device show LAN_interface)" = "20 (unavailable)" ]; then nmcli radio wifi on fi Note: You can get a list of interfaces using nmcli. The Ethernet (LAN) interfaces start with Use dispatcher to connect to a VPN after a network connection is establishedIn this example we want to connect automatically to a previously defined VPN connection after connecting to a specific Wi-Fi network. First thing to do is to create the dispatcher script that defines what to do after we are connected to the network. Note: This script will require
wireless_tools in order to use /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/vpn-up #!/bin/sh VPN_NAME="name of VPN connection defined in NetworkManager" ESSID="Wi-Fi network ESSID (not connection name)" interface=$1 status=$2 case $status in up|vpn-down) if iwgetid | grep -qs ":\"$ESSID\""; then nmcli connection up id "$VPN_NAME" fi ;; down) if iwgetid | grep -qs ":\"$ESSID\""; then if nmcli connection show --active | grep "$VPN_NAME"; then nmcli connection down id "$VPN_NAME" fi fi ;; esac If you would like to attempt to automatically connect to VPN for all Wi-Fi networks, you can use the following definition of the ESSID: Trying to connect with the above script may still fail with 1: One of them requires editing the VPN connection configuration file to make NetworkManager store the secrets by itself rather
than inside a keyring that will be inaccessible for root: open up If that alone does not work, you may have to create a /path/to/passwd-file vpn.secrets.password:YOUR_PASSWORD The script must be changed accordingly, so that it gets the password from the file: /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/vpn-up #!/bin/sh VPN_NAME="name of VPN connection defined in NetworkManager" ESSID="Wi-Fi network ESSID (not connection name)" interface=$1 status=$2 case $status in up|vpn-down) if iwgetid | grep -qs ":\"$ESSID\""; then nmcli connection up id "$VPN_NAME" passwd-file /path/to/passwd-file fi ;; down) if iwgetid | grep -qs ":\"$ESSID\""; then if nmcli connection show --active | grep "$VPN_NAME"; then nmcli connection down id "$VPN_NAME" fi fi ;; esac 2: Alternatively, change the [vpn] .... password-flags=0 [vpn-secrets] password=your_password Note: It may now be necessary to re-open the NetworkManager connection editor and save the VPN passwords/secrets again. Use dispatcher to disable IPv6 on VPN provider connectionsMany commercial VPN providers support only IPv4. That means all IPv6 traffic bypasses the VPN and renders it virtually useless. To avoid this, dispatcher can be used to disable all IPv6 traffic for the time a VPN connection is up. /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/10-vpn-ipv6 #!/bin/sh case "$2" in vpn-up) echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6 ;; vpn-down) echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6 ;; esac OpenNTPDSee OpenNTPD#Using NetworkManager dispatcher. Dynamically set NTP servers received via DHCP with systemd-timesyncdWhen roaming between different networks (e.g. a company's LAN, WiFi at home, various other WiFi now and then) you might want to set the NTP server(s) used by timesyncd to those provided by DHCP. However, NetworkManager itself is not capable to communicate with systemd-timesyncd to set the NTP server(s). The dispatcher can work around it. Create the overlay directory for your systemd-timesyncd configuration /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/10-update-timesyncd #!/bin/sh [ -z "$CONNECTION_UUID" ] && exit 0 INTERFACE="$1" ACTION="$2" case $ACTION in up | dhcp4-change | dhcp6-change) [ -n "$DHCP4_NTP_SERVERS" ] || exit mkdir -p /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf.d cat <<-THE_END >"/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf.d/${CONNECTION_UUID}.conf" [Time] NTP=$DHCP4_NTP_SERVERS THE_END systemctl restart systemd-timesyncd.service ;; down) rm -f "/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf.d/${CONNECTION_UUID}.conf" systemctl restart systemd-timesyncd.service ;; esac Every time NetworkManager sets up a new network
connection ( TestingNetworkManager applets are designed to load upon login so no further configuration should be necessary for most users. If you
have already disabled your previous network settings and disconnected from your network, you can now test if NetworkManager will work. The first step is to start Some applets will provide you with a To start the GNOME applet in non-xdg-compliant window managers like awesome: nm-applet --sm-disable & For static IP addresses, you will have to configure NetworkManager to understand them. The process usually involves right-clicking the applet and selecting something like 'Edit Connections'. Tips and tricksEncrypted Wi-Fi passwordsBy default, NetworkManager stores passwords in clear text in the connection files at # grep -r '^psk=' /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ The passwords are accessible to the root user in the filesystem and to users with access to settings via the GUI (e.g. It is preferable to save the passwords in encrypted form in a keyring instead of clear text. The downside of using a keyring is that the connections have to be set up for each user. Using GNOME KeyringThe keyring daemon has to be started and the keyring needs to be unlocked for the following to work. Furthermore, NetworkManager needs to be configured not to store the password for all users. Using GNOME's
network-manager-applet, run Using KDE WalletUsing KDE's plasma-nm, click the applet, click on the top right Settings icon, click on a network connection, in the General configuration tab, untick All users may connect to this network. If the option is ticked, the passwords will still be stored in clear text, even if a keyring daemon is running. If the option was selected previously and you un-tick it, you may have to use
the Sharing internet connection over Wi-FiYou can share your internet connection (e.g. 3G or wired) with a few clicks. Please note that a firewall may interfere with internet sharing. You will need a Wi-Fi card which supports AP mode, see Software access point#Wi-Fi device must support AP mode for details. Install the dnsmasq package to be able to
actually share the connection. Note that NetworkManager starts its own instance of dnsmasq, independent of Create the shared connection:
The connection will be saved and remain stored for the next time you need it. Note: Android does not support connecting to Ad-hoc networks. To share a connection with Android use infrastructure mode (i.e. set Wi-Fi mode to "Hotspot"). Sharing internet connection over EthernetScenario: your device has internet connection over Wi-Fi and you want to share the internet connection to other devices over Ethernet. Requirements:
Steps:
Now you should have a new option "Shared Internet" under the Wired connections in NetworkManager. Checking if networking is up inside a cron job or scriptThis article or section is out of date.Reason: nm-tool was remove from NetworkManager for long time now[7]. nmcli should be used instead. (Discuss in Talk:NetworkManager) Some cron jobs require networking to be up to succeed. You may wish to avoid running these jobs when the network is down. To accomplish this, add an if test for networking that queries NetworkManager's nm-tool and checks the state of networking. The test shown here succeeds if any interface is up, and fails if they are all down. This is convenient for laptops that might be hardwired, might be on wireless, or might be off the network. if [ $(nm-tool|grep State|cut -f2 -d' ') == "connected" ]; then #Whatever you want to do if the network is online else #Whatever you want to do if the network is offline - note, this and the else above are optional fi This useful for a Connect to network with secret on bootBy default, NetworkManager will not connect to networks requiring a secret automatically on boot. This is because it locks such connections to the user who makes it by default, only connecting after they have logged in. To change this, do the following:
Log out and log back in to complete. OpenConnect with password in KWalletWhile you may type both values at connection time, plasma-nm 0.9.3.2-1 and above are capable of retrieving OpenConnect username and password directly from KWallet. Open "KDE Wallet Manager" and look up your OpenConnect VPN connection under "Network Management|Maps". Click "Show values" and enter your credentials in key "VpnSecrets" in this form (replace username and password accordingly): form:main:username%SEP%username%SEP%form:main:password%SEP%password Next time you connect, username and password should appear in the "VPN secrets" dialog box. Ignore specific devicesSometimes it may be desired that NetworkManager ignores specific devices and does not try to configure addresses and routes for them. You can quickly and easily ignore devices by MAC or interface-name by using
the following in [keyfile] unmanaged-devices=mac:00:22:68:1c:59:b1;mac:00:1E:65:30:D1:C4;interface-name:eth0 After editing the file, run Configuring MAC address randomizationNote: Disabling MAC address randomization may be needed to get (stable) link connection [8] and/or networks that restrict devices based on their MAC Address or have a limit network capacity. MAC randomization can be used for increased privacy by not disclosing your real MAC address to the network. NetworkManager supports two types MAC Address Randomization: randomization during scanning, and for network connections. Both modes can be configured by modifying Randomization during Wi-Fi scanning is enabled by default, but it may be disabled by adding the following lines to /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/wifi_rand_mac.conf [device] wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no MAC randomization for network connections can be set to different modes for both wireless and ethernet interfaces. See the GNOME blog post for more details on the different modes. In terms of MAC randomization the most important modes are /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/wifi_rand_mac.conf [device-mac-randomization] # "yes" is already the default for scanning wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes [connection-mac-randomization] # Randomize MAC for every ethernet connection ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random # Generate a random MAC for each WiFi and associate the two permanently. wifi.cloned-mac-address=stable See the following GNOME blog post for more details. Enable IPv6 Privacy ExtensionsSee IPv6#NetworkManager. Configure a unique DUID per connectionThe DHCPv6 Unique Identifier (DUID) is a value used by the DHCPv6 client to identify itself to DHCPv6 servers. NetworkManager supports 3 types of DUID:
If the internal NetworkManager's DHCP client is in use (the default) it will identify
itself with a global and permanent DUID-UUID generated from the machine-id ( Fortunately, NetworkManager is able to provide unique DUIDs per connection, derived from the connection's stable-id and a per-host unique key. You can enable that by adding the following configuration under /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/duid.conf [connection] ipv6.dhcp-duid=stable-uuid The Working with wired connectionsBy default, NetworkManager generates a connection profile for each wired ethernet connection it finds. At the point when generating the connection, it does not know whether there will be more
Ethernet adapters available. Hence, it calls the first wired connection "Wired connection 1". You can avoid generating this connection, by configuring You can also edit the connection (and persist it to disk) or delete it. NetworkManager will not re-generate a new connection. Then you can change the name to whatever you want. You can use something like nm-connection-editor for this task. Using iwd as the Wi-Fi backendNote:
To enable the experimental iwd backend, first install iwd and then create the following configuration file: /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/wifi_backend.conf [device] wifi.backend=iwd Alternatively, you can install networkmanager-iwdAUR, a modified package configured to build NetworkManager working exclusively with iwd, with the main difference being that iwd is required and wpa_supplicant can be uninstalled after building. Running in a network namespaceIf you would like to run NetworkManager inside a network namespace (e.g., to manage a specific device which should be use by selected applications), bring the device down before moving it to the namespace: $ ip link set dev MY_DEVICE down $ ip link set dev MY_DEVICE netns MY_NAMESPACE $ ip netns exec MY_NAMESPACE NetworkManager ... $ ip netns exec MY_NAMESPACE killall NetworkManager otherwise NetworkManager will later fail to establish the connection with a Automatically connect to VPNNetworkManager can be set to automatically connect to a VPN when connecting to the internet, on a per network basis. The VPN connection itself can be added in GNOME's NetworkManager front-end, but to make it automatically use the VPN First, make sure to make the VPN connection available to all users. In the GNOME this is a matter of checking a box under the Then find the UUID of the VPN connection, and add that to # UUID=$(nmcli --get-values connection.uuid connection show name-of-VPN-connection) # nmcli connection modify name-of-Internet-connection connection.secondaries "$UUID" Now when NetworkManager is restarted and you connect to the Internet connection you have configured, you should automatically get connected to the VPN. TroubleshootingNo prompt for password of secured Wi-Fi networksWhen trying to connect to a secured Wi-Fi network, no prompt for a password is shown and no connection is established. This happens when no keyring package is installed. An easy solution is to install gnome-keyring. If you want the passwords to be stored in encrypted form, follow GNOME Keyring to set up the gnome-keyring-daemon. Network management disabledWhen NetworkManager shuts down but the pid (state) file is not
removed, you will see a # rm /var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.state Problems with internal DHCP clientIf you have problems with getting an IP address using the internal DHCP client, consider using another DHCP client, see #DHCP client for instructions. This workaround might solve problems in big wireless networks like eduroam. DHCP problems with dhclientIf you have problems with getting an IP address via DHCP, try to add the following to your interface "eth0" { send dhcp-client-identifier 01:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff; } Where 3G modem not detectedSee Mobile broadband modem#NetworkManager. Switching off WLAN on laptopsSometimes NetworkManager will not work when you disable your Wi-Fi adapter with a switch on your laptop and try to enable it again afterwards. This is often a problem with rfkill. To check if the driver notifies rfkill about the wireless adapter's status, use: $ watch -n1 rfkill list all If one identifier stays blocked after you switch on the adapter you could try to manually unblock it with (where X is the number of the identifier provided by the above output): # rfkill event unblock X Static IP address settings revert to DHCPDue to an unresolved bug, when changing default connections to a static IP address, To work around this issue you have to edit the default connection (e.g. "Auto eth0") in Next, you will want to make the default connection not connect automatically. To do so, run
Cannot edit connections as normal userSee #Set up PolicyKit permissions. Forget hidden wireless networkSince hidden networks are not displayed in the selection list of the Wireless view, they cannot be forgotten (removed) with the GUI. You can delete one with the following command: # rm /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/SSID This also works for any other connection. VPN not working in GNOMEWhen setting up OpenConnect or vpnc connections in NetworkManager while using GNOME, you will
sometimes never see the dialog box pop up and the following error appears in localhost NetworkManager[399]: This is caused by the GNOME NetworkManager Applet expecting dialog scripts to be at
This may need to be done for any other NetworkManager VPN plugins as well, but these are the two most common. Unable to connect to visible European wireless networksWLAN chips are shipped with a default regulatory domain. If your access point does not operate within these limitations, you will not be able to connect to the network. Fixing this is easy:
Automatic connect to VPN on boot is not workingThe problem occurs when the system (i.e. NetworkManager running as the root user) tries to establish a VPN connection, but the password is not accessible because it is stored in the GNOME Keyring of a particular user. A solution is to keep the password to your VPN in plaintext, as described in step (2.) of #Use dispatcher to connect to a VPN after a network connection is established. You do not need to use the dispatcher described in step (1.) to auto-connect anymore, if you use the new "auto-connect VPN" option from the Systemd BottleneckOver time the log files ( Regular network disconnects, latency and lost packets (WiFi)NetworkManager does a scan every 2 minutes. Some WiFi drivers have issues when scanning for base stations whilst connected/associated. Symptoms include VPN disconnects/reconnects and lost packets, web pages failing to load and then refresh fine. Running NetworkManager[410]: If roaming is not important, the periodic scanning behavior can be disabled by locking the BSSID of the access point in the WiFi connection profile. Unable to turn on Wi-Fi with Lenovo laptop (IdeaPad, Legion, etc.)There is an issue with the Unloading the Turn off hostname sendingNetworkManager by default sends the hostname to the DHCP server. Hostname sending can only be disabled per connection not globally (Issue #584). To disable sending your hostname to the DHCP server for a specific connection, add the following to your network connection file: /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/your_connection_file ... [ipv4] dhcp-send-hostname=false ... [ipv6] dhcp-send-hostname=false ... nm-applet disappears in i3wmIf you use the /etc/systemd/user/xfce4-notifyd.service.d/display_env.conf [Service] Environment="DISPLAY=:0.0" After reloading the daemons restart nm-applet tray icons display wronglyCurrently the tray icons of nm-applet are drawn on top of one another, i.e. the icon displaying wireless strength might show on top of the icon indicating no wired connection. This is apparently a GTK3 bug/problem: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gtk/issues/1280 . A patched version of GTK3 exists in AUR, which apparently fixes the tray icon bug: gtk3-classicAUR. Unit dbus-org.freedesktop.resolve1.service not foundIf dbus-daemon[991]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.freedesktop.resolve1' unit='dbus-org.freedesktop.resolve1.service' requested by ':1.23' (uid=0 pid=1012 comm="/usr/bin/NetworkManager --no-daemon ") dbus-daemon[991]: [system] Activation via systemd failed for unit 'dbus-org.freedesktop.resolve1.service': Unit dbus-org.freedesktop.resolve1.service not found. dbus-daemon[991]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.freedesktop.resolve1' unit='dbus-org.freedesktop.resolve1.service' requested by ':1.23' (uid=0 pid=1012 comm="/usr/bin/NetworkManager --no-daemon ") This is because NetworkManager will try to send DNS information to
systemd-resolved regardless of the This
can be disabled with a configuration file in /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/no-systemd-resolved.conf [main] systemd-resolved=false See FS#62138. Secrets were required, but not providedIf you attempt to connect to a network using Error: Connection activation failed: (7) Secrets were required, but not provided This error can have numerous causes and you should
read the journal (filter it with NetworkManager[1372]: You can try deleting the connection profile and creating a new one: $ nmcli connection delete SSID $ nmcli device wifi connect SSID password password You can also try disabling MAC address randomization: /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/wifi_rand_mac.conf [device] wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no WPA Enterprise connection with iwdIf you try to connect to an WPA Enterprise network like 'eduroam' with NetworkManager with the iwd backend then you will get the following error from NetworkManager: Connection 'eduroam' is not avialable on device wlan0 because profile is not compatible with device (802.1x connections must have IWD provisioning files) This is because NetworkManager can not configure a WPA Enterprise network. Therefore you have to configure it using an iwd configuration file Failed to request VPN secretsIf you get this error: Failed to request VPN secrets #1: No agents were available for this request. It is either because the password is empty or you have to set up PolicyKit permissions. See also
Which command does NetworkManager use to configure the network interfaces?The nmcli (NetworkManager Command Line Interface) command-line utility is used for controlling NetworkManager and reporting network status.
What is NetworkManager service in Linux?NetworkManager is a system network service that manages your network devices and connections and attempts to keep network connectivity active when available. It manages Ethernet, WiFi, mobile broadband (WWAN) and PPPoE devices while also providing VPN integration with a variety of different VPN services.
What is the name of the text based interface to the NetworkManager?nmtui is a built-in text-based user interface. nmtui is relatively basic compared to nmcli, which only allows users to add/edit a connection, activate a connection, and set the hostname of the system. cnetworkmanager command-line interface for NetworkManager.
Which is the tool that is used to configure the network through GUI is?rConfig. rConfig is a free network configuration management tool compatible with CentOS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Key Features: Detects all network devices and can be instructed to copy the configurations of each into files.
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