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Terms in this set [90]
at least three-quarters of the immigrants to the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century were
indentured servants
after completing their terms of service, male indentured servants experienced which of the following?
they often did not receive what they had been promised; they found themselves unprepared and ill-equipped for independence
what was the most important source of population increase in New England after the 1650s?
reproduction
which of the following statements about population growth in the South is accurate?
it was substantial, but it was largely the result of immigration.
during colonial times, a relatively large number of women entered the medical profession as
midwives
most of the early English settlers in the North American colonies were
laborers
how did the sex ratio affect colonial women's lives?
their lives were consumed by childbearing; they rarely remained unmarried
which of the following statements about female indentured servants in the colonies are incorrect?
about one-quarter of the indentured servants in the Chesapeake were women; female indentured servants typically worked as domestic servants; a female indentured servant could reasonably expect to marry when her term ended
which of the following best explains why New England experienced a high rate of natural population increase in the 1600s?
extremely high birth rates; exceptional longevity
life expectancy in the Chesapeake region during the seventeenth century was
much lower than in the rest of the colonies
compared to the Chesapeake, the sex ratio in New England was
more balanced
which statement about midwives in colonial America is not correct?
their profession ceased to exist, due to the efforts of professional physicians
which statement about men and women in the Chesapeake is not correct?
few women outlived their husbands
during the middle passage, Africans could expect which of the following?
to be given little food or water; to be chained
family life in New England was much more ___ than in the Chesapeake
traditional; stable
when did the demand for slave labor in North America begin?
almost from the very beginning of settlement
The earliest of the continental Europeans to immigrate to the English colonies of North America were the French Calvinists, or __________.
huguenots
for africans bound for slave markets in the Americas, the "middle passage" was
the journey to the New World
the increased demand for slaves in the Chesapeake in the eighteenth century was mainly the result of the
rising demand for tobacco in the colonies and Europe
true or false: northern colonies were as dominated by agriculture as those of the south
false
slaves became generally available in North America when
a commerce in slaves between southern colonies and the Caribbean developed
which of the following were obstacles to the development of colonial commerce?
lack of a reliable currency; no way to find out about the supply and demand for goods; fierce competition among commercial companies
which of the following is true about the practice of medicine during the seventeenth century?
it was relatively easy to practice medicine, even without professional training
match the place with its role in the triangular trade
africa- importer of manufactured goods and exporter of slaves
West Indies- importer of slaves and exporter of agricultural products
North America- importer of manufactured goods and exporter of agricultural products
europe- importer of agricultural goods and exporter of manufactured goods
the largest group of European immigrants to the American colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were
scotch-iris from Ulster in Northern Ireland
true or false: the mid-eighteenth century colonial merchant class took advantage of protections from foreign competition under the British Navigation Acts while also illegally developing markets outside the British empire
true
south Carolina and Georgia became dependent on slave labor for which two of the following reasons?
white workers refused to perform rice cultivation; many africans were experts in rice cultivation and harvesting
most northern colonists supported themselves economically, at least partially, by
engaging in home based industries
which of the following are examples of how the upper classes in the colonies distinguished themselves from the lower classes in the eighteenth century?
by attempting to emulate London society; by accumulating possessions and fancy clothing; by commissioning portraits for display
which of the following statements about colonial commerce is most accurate?
it survived and grew despite lacking the basic institutions of trade
which of the following accurately reflect the term "triangular trade?"
the commercial relationships that linked Africa, the West Indies, America, and Europe; the network of imports and exports that spanned the Atlantic world
American merchants defied the English Navigation Acts by developing markets in
the West Indies
which of the following luxuries became a virtual necessity in the emerging consumer environment of colonial America?
manufactured cutlery; tea; household linens
to pay for goods, colonial merchants
relied on barter or money substitutes
which of the following best accounts for the smaller slave population in the eighteenth-century north?
the lack of a plantation-based economy
what was the state of commerce in colonial America?
there was relatively little industry in America in the eighteenth century
the growth of eighteenth-century consumerism was partly the result of the increasing division of colonial societies by
class
true or false: the society that formed in colonial America was completely devoid of social distinctions
false
true or false: by definition, plantations are vast estates owned by aristocrats
false
true or false: the term "triangular trade" is inaccurate because the "triangle" had more than three points
true
which of the following difficulties were unique to female slaves?
raising mulatto children whose white fathers refused to acknowledge them; unwanted sexual advances from white platers and overseers
what did not cause the rise of an entrepreneurial merchant class in colonial America?
a concerted effort by parliament to foster such a class
which of the statements about the Stono Rebellion are accurate?
it was the most serious slave revolt of the colonial period; it resulted in the death of several whites; it was crushed, and most of its participants were executed
to facilitate the new consumer appetites, merchants and traders did which of the following?
sent agents out into the countryside to visit wealthy landowners; began advertising their goods in newspapers
which of the following is true about the aristocracies that emerged in colonial America?
they tended to rely on the control of a substantial workforce
each new settlement in colonial New England drew up a ____ to formalize settlers' commitment to unity and harmony
covenant
for the most part, seventeenth-century colonial plantations were
relatively small and unsophisticated
slaves were most likely to develop a society and culture of their own when
they lived in larger communities
which of the following are characteristics of the partial-inheritance system in New England?
sons were more dependent on their father's good favor; fathers divided lands among their sons
the most common form of resistance by enslaved africans was
subtle acts of defiance
which of the following refers to an instance of widespread hysteria in the 1680s regarding satanic influences in New England?
Salem witchcraft trials
the growth of consumerism in the American colonies during the eighteenth century was part of a larger
industrial revolution
which two colonial American ports had populations larger than most English urban centers?
New York; Philadelphia
the characteristic social unit of colonial New England was the
town
which of the following most accurately describes the plantation economy?
precarious
to adopt to the challenges of life in the colonies, Americans quickly adopted an attitude of
religious tolerance
in colonial New England, "selectmen" were
church members who ran the town's affairs
where in colonial America were Jews free to openly practice their religion?
Rhode Island
which of the following were causes of social strain in the Puritan community?
population growth; increased commercialization
true or false: African slaves were without a religious heritage, so most adopted christianity
false
when the revolutionary crisis began to build in the 1760s and 1770s, it originated in the cities, because cities were
the centers of intellectual ideas and discussions
the first American religious revival, the _____ ____, occurred in the 1730s and 1740s.
Great Awakening
Americans who responded to the Great Awakening were moved by the belief that everyone had the potential to
make a break with the past and start a new life
which of the following are reasons that settlers in America adopted an attitude of religious toleration?
conditions vitally required it; many religious traditions existed in close proximity to one another
which statement about Jonatan Edwards is not correct?
he opposed attempts to combat disease, which he considered God's punishment for sin
catholics suffered the worst persecution in
Maryland
which of the following did the enlightenment and the great awakening have in common?
they helped undermine the power of traditional authority.
which of the following best describes the religion practiced by most African slaves?
a blend or African religions with christianity and judaism
which is not one of the basic teachings of the Enlightenment?
faith is essential and miracles are real
prior to the start of the Great Awakening, there was worry that American society was
adopting a more secular outlook
the great awakening appealed most to which group?
women
Match the major figure of the Great Awakening with the appropriate description:
John Wesley: co-founder of Methodism
George Whitefield: powerful open-air preacher who made several tours
Jonathan Edwards: New England congregationalist who attacked the doctrine of easy salvation for all
aside from the Bible, the most popular book among colonial families was
an almanac
the focus on the Great Awakening was ____, while the focus of the Enlightenment was ____.
religious faith; reason
the ____ was an eighteenth-century movement that celebrated human reason and scientific inquiry
Enlightenment
which of the following statements about education for African Americans in colonial times are accurate?
colonial society instituted social sanctions to discourage any type of education for African Americans; African Americans had virtually no access to education
the great Awakening occurred as a result of concerns over
declining piety
which statement about the Great Awakening is not correct?
it appealed most to males over 30
the most well-known almanac of colonial times was ___ ___ almanac, published by Benjamin Franklin
Poor Richard's
of the six colleges in operation by 1763, all but two were established by
religious groups
which of the following did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening have in common?
they helped undermine the power of traditional authority
colonial Americans placed high value on education despite
a limited amount of available time for education
the most vigorous promoters of science and scientific knowledge in colonial America were
amateur scientists
the first major religious revival, the ___ ___, occurred in the 1730s and 1740s.
Great Awakening
which practice was adopted by the American legal system from the English system?
trial by jury
match the colonial college with its description
harvard: the first American college
william and Mary: institution established by anglicans in Williamsburg, VA
yale: university founded by congregationalists
Princeton: university that emerged out of the great awakening as the college of New Jersey
which statement about Cotton Mather and his smallpox inoculation efforts is not correct?
by supporting inoculation, Mather signified his disbelief in the idea of disease as a punishment for sin
which statement about provincial governors is correct?
their influence was limited
among the secular institutions of higher learning in colonial America was king's college, later renamed
Columbia
the clearest indication of the influence of the Enlightenment on colonial America was the increasing interest in ___ knowledge
scientific
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