Water cream and hydrogel face pack, providing moisture, soothing, regeneration, and cooling effects all at once to the skin.

Uploaded by: minhha3883 on 10/07/2021

Ingredients overview

Water,Butylene Glycol,Cyclopentasiloxane,Glycerin,Dimethicone,1,2-Hexanediol,Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice,Niacinamide,Octyldodecanol,Cyclohexasiloxane,PEG-240/​Hdi Copolymer Bis-Decyltetradeceth-20 Ether,Cetyl PEG/​PPG-10/​1 Dimethicone,Polysorbate 80,Glyceryl Stearate,PEG-100 Stearate,Cetearyl Alcohol,Polysorbate 60,Portulaca Oleracea Extract,Centella Asiatica Extract,Dimethicone/​Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer,Ethylhexylglycerin,Panthenol,Allantoin,Citrus Paradisi [Grapefruit] Peel Oil,Tocopheryl Acetate,Adenosine,Disodium EDTA,Cucumis Sativus [Cucumber] Fruit Extract,Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Water,Plantago Asiatica Extract,Sodium Hyaluronate,Glyceryl Acrylate/​Acrylic Acid Copolymer,Polysorbate 20,Lecithin,Nicotinoyl Hexapeptide-44,SH-Oligopeptide-1,SH-Polypeptide-1,Sh-Polypeptide-16,Sh-Polypeptide-4

Highlights

alcohol-free

Key Ingredients

Other Ingredients

Skim through

Ingredient name what-it-doesirr.,com. ID-Rating Water solvent Butylene Glycol moisturizer/​humectant, solvent0,1 Cyclopentasiloxane emollient, solvent Glycerin skin-identical ingredient, moisturizer/​humectant0,0 superstar Dimethicone emollient0,1 1,2-Hexanediol solvent Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice soothing, moisturizer/​humectantgoodie Niacinamide cell-communicating ingredient, skin brightening, anti-acne, moisturizer/​humectantsuperstar Octyldodecanol emollient, perfuming Cyclohexasiloxane emollient, solvent PEG-240/Hdi Copolymer Bis-Decyltetradeceth-20 Ether viscosity controlling Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone emulsifying, surfactant/​cleansing Polysorbate 80 emulsifying, surfactant/​cleansing0,0 Glyceryl Stearate emollient, emulsifying0,1-2 PEG-100 Stearate surfactant/​cleansing, emulsifying0,0 Cetearyl Alcohol emollient, viscosity controlling, emulsifying, surfactant/​cleansing1,2 Polysorbate 60 emulsifying, surfactant/​cleansing Portulaca Oleracea Extract soothing, antioxidantgoodie Centella Asiatica Extract soothing, antioxidant, moisturizer/​humectantgoodie Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer viscosity controlling Ethylhexylglycerin preservative Panthenol soothing, moisturizer/​humectant0,0 goodie Allantoin soothing0,0 goodie Citrus Paradisi [Grapefruit] Peel Oil perfumingicky Tocopheryl Acetate antioxidant0,0 Adenosine cell-communicating ingredientgoodie Disodium EDTA chelating Cucumis Sativus [Cucumber] Fruit Extract soothing, emollientgoodie Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Water Plantago Asiatica Extract Sodium Hyaluronate skin-identical ingredient, moisturizer/​humectant0,0 goodie Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer moisturizer/​humectant, viscosity controlling Polysorbate 20 emulsifying, surfactant/​cleansing0,0 Lecithin emollient, emulsifyinggoodie Nicotinoyl Hexapeptide-44 antioxidant SH-Oligopeptide-1 cell-communicating ingredient SH-Polypeptide-1 cell-communicating ingredient Sh-Polypeptide-16 Sh-Polypeptide-4 antioxidant

Histolab Hydrogel Regenerating Centella Cream

Ingredients explained

Also-called: Aqua | What-it-does: solvent

Good old water, aka H2O. The most common skincare ingredient of all. You can usually find it right in the very first spot of the ingredient list, meaning it’s the biggest thing out of all the stuff that makes up the product.

It’s mainly a solvent for ingredients that do not like to dissolve in oils but rather in water.

Once inside the skin, it hydrates, but not from the outside - putting pure water on the skin [hello long baths!] is drying.

One more thing: the water used in cosmetics is purified and deionized [it means that almost all of the mineral ions inside it is removed]. Like this, the products can stay more stable over time.

Butylene glycol, or let’s just call it BG, is a multi-tasking colorless, syrupy liquid. It’s a great pick for creating a nice feeling product.

BG’s main job is usually to be a solvent for the other ingredients. Other tasks include helping the product to absorb faster and deeper into the skin [penetration enhancer], making the product spread nicely over the skin [slip agent], and attracting water [humectant] into the skin.

It’s an ingredient whose safety hasn’t been questioned so far by anyone [at least not that we know about]. BG is approved by Ecocert and is also used enthusiastically in natural products. BTW, it’s also a food additive.

A super commonly used 5 unit long, cyclic structured silicone that is water-thin and does not stay on the skin but evaporates from it [called volatile silicone]. Similar to other silicones, it gives skin and hair a silky, smooth feel.

It's often combined with the non-volatile [i.e. stays on the skin] dimethicone as the two together form a water-resistant, breathable protective barrier on the skin without a negative tacky feel.

• A natural moisturizer that’s also in our skin
• A super common, safe, effective and cheap molecule used for more than 50 years
• Not only a simple moisturizer but knows much more: keeps the skin lipids between our skin cells in a healthy [liquid crystal] state, protects against irritation, helps to restore barrier
• Effective from as low as 3% with even more benefits for dry skin at higher concentrations up to 20-40%
• High-glycerin moisturizers are awesome for treating severely dry skin

What-it-does: emollient | Irritancy: 0 | Comedogenicity: 1

Probably the most common silicone of all. It is a polymer [created from repeating subunits] molecule and has different molecular weight and thus different viscosity versions from water-light to thick liquid.

As for skincare, it makes the skin silky smooth, creates a subtle gloss and forms a protective barrier [aka occlusive]. Also, works well to fill in fine lines and wrinkles and give skin a plump look [of course that is only temporary, but still, it's nice]. There are also scar treatment gels out there using dimethicone as their base ingredient. It helps to soften scars and increase their elasticity.

As for hair care, it is a non-volatile silicone meaning that it stays on the hair rather than evaporates from it and smoothes the hair like no other thing. Depending on your hair type, it can be a bit difficult to wash out and might cause some build-up [btw, this is not true to all silicones, only the non-volatile types].

A really multi-functional helper ingredient that can do several things in a skincare product: it can bring a soft and pleasant feel to the formula, it can act as a humectant and emollient, it can be a solvent for some other ingredients [for example it can help to stabilize perfumes in watery products] and it can also help to disperse pigments more evenly in makeup products. And that is still not all: it can also boost the antimicrobial activity of preservatives.

Aloe Vera is one of today’s magic plants. It does have some very nice properties indeed, though famous dermatologist Leslie Baumann warns us in her book that most of the evidence is anecdotal and the plant might be a bit overhyped.

What research does confirm about Aloe is that it’s a great moisturizer and has several anti-inflammatory [among others contains salicylates, polysaccharides, magnesium lactate and C-glucosyl chromone] as well as some antibacterial components. It also helps wound healing and skin regeneration in general. All in all definitely a goodie.

• A multi-functional skincare superstar with several proven benefits for the skin
• Great anti-aging, wrinkle smoothing ingredient used at 4-5% concentration
• Fades brown spots alone or in combination with amino sugar, acetyl glucosamine
• Increases ceramide synthesis that results in a stronger, healthier skin barrier and better skin hydration
• Can help to improve several skin conditions including acne, rosacea, and atopic dermatitis

A clear, slightly yellow, odorless oil that's a very common, medium-spreading emollient. It makes the skin feel nice and smooth and works in a wide range of formulas.

A light-feeling, volatile [meaning it does not absorb into the skin but evaporates from it] silicone that gives skin a unique, silky and non-greasy feel. It has excellent spreading properties and leaves no oily residue or build-up.

We don't have description for this ingredient yet.

A silicone emulsifier that helps water and silicone oils to mix nicely together.

A common little helper ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together, aka emulsifier.

The number at the end refers to the oil-loving part and the bigger the number the more emulsifying power it has. 20 is a weak emulsifier, rather called solubilizer used commonly in toners while 60 and 80 are more common in serums and creams.

A super common, waxy, white, solid stuff that helps water and oil to mix together, gives body to creams and leaves the skin feeling soft and smooth.

Chemically speaking, it is the attachment of a glycerin molecule to the fatty acid called stearic acid. It can be produced from most vegetable oils [in oils three fatty acid molecules are attached to glycerin instead of just one like here] in a pretty simple, "green" process that is similar to soap making. It's readily biodegradable.

It also occurs naturally in our body and is used as a food additive. As cosmetic chemist Colins writes it, "its safety really is beyond any doubt".

A very common water-loving surfactant and emulsifier that helps to keep water and oil mixed nicely together.

It's often paired with glyceryl stearate - the two together form a super effective emulsifier duo that's salt and acid tolerant and works over a wide pH range. It also gives a "pleasing product aesthetics", so no wonder it's popular.

An extremely common multitasker ingredient that gives your skin a nice soft feel [emollient] and gives body to creams and lotions. It also helps to stabilize oil-water mixes [emulsions], though it does not function as an emulsifier in itself. Its typical use level in most cream type formulas is 2-3%.

It’s a so-called fatty alcohol, a mix of cetyl and stearyl alcohol, other two emollient fatty alcohols. Though chemically speaking, it is alcohol [as in, it has an -OH group in its molecule], its properties are totally different from the properties of low molecular weight or drying alcohols such as denat. alcohol. Fatty alcohols have a long oil-soluble [and thus emollient] tail part that makes them absolutely non-drying and non-irritating and are totally ok for the skin.

A common little helper ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together, aka emulsifier.

Portulaca Oleracea is a nice succulent with bright yellow flowers and edible nutritious vegetables. It's a famous plant in Korean traditional medicine to treat infection and irritated skin.

Modern research confirms that it's loaded with skin-goodies: it's the richest green plant source of omega-3 fatty acids [α-linolenic acid], contains NMFs [polysaccharides and amino acids], vitamins [β-carotene], minerals, and antioxidants [yellow betaxanthins and reddish betacyanins]. Thanks to all its beneficial components, Purslane Extract has several magic properties: it's a great anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent and also has wound healing abilities.

Centella Asiatica - or sometimes also called Gotu Kola or Cica - has been used in folk medicine for hundreds of years. It’s traditionally used to improve small wounds, burns and scratches and it’s also a well known anti-inflammatory agent for eczema.

Recently science has taken an interest in Gotu Kola as well and it turns out it really has many active compounds with several benefits. Just for hard-core geeks, the main biologically active compounds are pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins called asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic and madecassic acid [also called centellosides].

One of the biological activities of the centellosides is to be able to stimulate GAGs [glycosaminoglycans - polysaccharides that are part of the liquidy stuff between our skin cells], and especially hyaluronic acid synthesis in our skin. This is probably one of the reasons why Centella Asiatica Extract has nice skin moisturizing properties that was confirmed by a 25 people, four weeks study along with Centella's anti-inflammatory effects.

Madecassoside can also help in burn wound healing through increasing antioxidant activity and enhancing collagen synthesis. Asiaticoside was shown to increase antioxidant levels on rats skin when applied at 0.2%.

Centella Asiatica also often shows up in products that try to treat cellulite or striae. Of course, it cannot make a miracle but it might have some effect via regulating microcirculation and normalizing the metabolism in the cells of connective tissues.

Bottom line: Gotu Kola is a great plant ingredient with proven wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Nice to spot on any ingredient list.

A white, elastomeric silicone powder that gives a nice silky and powdery feel to the products. It also has some oil and sebum absorption capabilities.

If you have spotted ethylhexylglycerin on the ingredient list, most probably you will see there also the current IT-preservative, phenoxyethanol. They are good friends because ethylhexylglycerin can boost the effectiveness of phenoxyethanol [and other preservatives] and as an added bonus it feels nice on the skin too.

Also, it's an effective deodorant and a medium spreading emollient.

An easy-to-formulate, commonly used, nice to have ingredient that’s also called pro-vitamin B5. As you might guess from the “pro” part, it’s a precursor to vitamin B5 [whose fancy name is pantothenic acid].

Its main job in skincare products is to moisturise the skin. It’s a humectant meaning that it can help the skin to attract water and then hold onto it. There is also research showing that panthenol can help our skin to produce more lovely lipids that are important for a strong and healthy skin barrier.

Another great thing about panthenol is that it has anti-inflammatory and skin protecting abilities. A study shows that it can reduce the irritation caused by less-nice other ingredients [e.g. fragrance, preservatives or chemical sunscreens] in the product.

Research also shows that it might be useful for wound healing as it promotes fibroblast [nice type of cells in our skin that produce skin-firming collagen] proliferation.

If that wasn’t enough panthenol is also useful in nail and hair care products. A study shows that a nail treatment liquide with 2% panthenol could effectively get into the nail and significantly increase the hydration of it.

As for the hair the hydration effect is also true there. Panthenol might make your hair softer, more elastic and helps to comb your hair more easily.

What-it-does: soothing | Irritancy: 0 | Comedogenicity: 0

Super common soothing ingredient. It can be found naturally in the roots & leaves of the comfrey plant, but more often than not what's in the cosmetic products is produced synthetically.

It's not only soothing but it' also skin-softening and protecting and can promote wound healing.

Also-called: Pink Grapefruit Peel Oil | What-it-does: perfuming

The essential oil coming from the peel of the pink grapefruit. In general, the main component of citrus peel oils is limonene [around 90% for grapefruit peel], a super common fragrant ingredient that makes everything smell nice [but counts as a frequent skin sensitizer]. Similar to other essential oils, grapefruit peel has also antibacterial and antifungal acitivity.

Other than that, citrus peels contain the problematic compounds called furanocoumarins that make them [mildly] phototoxic. So be careful with grapefruit peel oil, especially if it's in a product for daytime use.

Also-called: Vitamin E Acetate | What-it-does: antioxidant | Irritancy: 0 | Comedogenicity: 0

It’s the most commonly used version of pure vitamin E in cosmetics. You can read all about the pure form here. This one is the so-called esterified version.

According to famous dermatologist, Leslie Baumann while tocopheryl acetate is more stable and has a longer shelf life, it’s also more poorly absorbed by the skin and may not have the same awesome photoprotective effects as pure Vit E.

Adenosine is an important little compound in our body that has a vital cell-signalling role. Research on smearing it on our face is also promising and shows so far a couple of things:

• It can help with wound healing
• It’s a good anti-inflammatory agent
• It might even help with skin’s own collagen production and improve skin firmness and elasticity
• It helps with barrier repair and protection
• It might be even useful for the hair helping with hair thickness and hair growth

Super common little helper ingredient that helps products to remain nice and stable for a longer time. It does so by neutralizing the metal ions in the formula [that usually get into there from water] that would otherwise cause some not so nice changes.

It is typically used in tiny amounts, around 0.1% or less.

Also-called: Cucumber Fruit Extract | What-it-does: soothing, emollient

Cucumber is a nice, non-irritating plant extract that’s known for it’s soothing and emollient properties. It’s not something new to put it on our face: even Cleopatra used it to “preserve her skin”.

It’s commonly believed that cucumber is the answer to puffy eyes, but there is no research confirming this. What research does confirm is that it contains amino acids and organic acids that’s helpful for the skin’s acid mantle. There is also an enzyme [called shikimate dehydrigenase] in the pulp that’s shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.

We don't have description for this ingredient yet.

We don't have description for this ingredient yet.

It’s the - sodium form - cousin of the famous NMF, hyaluronic acid [HA]. If HA does not tell you anything we have a super detailed, geeky explanation about it here. The TL; DR version of HA is that it's a huge polymer [big molecule from repeated subunits] found in the skin that acts as a sponge helping the skin to hold onto water, being plump and elastic. HA is famous for its crazy water holding capacity as it can bind up to 1000 times its own weight in water.

As far as skincare goes, sodium hyaluronate and hyaluronic acid are pretty much the same and the two names are used interchangeably. As cosmetic chemist kindofstephen writes on reddit "sodium hyaluronate disassociates into hyaluronic acid molecule and a sodium atom in solution".

In spite of this, if you search for "hyaluronic acid vs sodium hyaluronate" you will find on multiple places that sodium hyaluronate is smaller and can penetrate the skin better. Chemically, this is definitely not true, as the two forms are almost the same, both are polymers and the subunits can be repeated in both forms as much as you like. [We also checked Prospector for sodium hyaluronate versions actually used in cosmetic products and found that the most common molecular weight was 1.5-1.8 million Da that absolutely counts as high molecular weight].

What seems to be a true difference, though, is that the salt form is more stable, easier to formulate and cheaper so it pops up more often on the ingredient lists.

If you wanna become a real HA-and-the-skin expert you can read way more about the topic at hyaluronic acid [including penetration-questions, differences between high and low molecular weight versions and a bunch of references to scientific literature].

Glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer is the fancy word for a common polymer [big molecule from repeated subunits], namely polyacrylic acid [aka carbomer when it comes to cosmetics] with glycerin attached to it in some places.

The main thing of this polymer is that it forms a hydrogel [trade named Lubrajel] that can sit on top of the skin and provide moisturizing, water-soluble ingredients such as glycerin to the skin. Think of it as a very thin, wet sponge that a cosmetic manufacturer can fill with good ingredients for your skin. It also works as a thickening agent [remember, it is a carbomer type of molecule], and can provide the skin with a nice slippery feel. It can also draw water to the skin [thank you, pendant glycerol groups!], providing skin hydration.

Also, don’t let people scare you into thinking polyacrylic acid is dangerous because of the toxicity of acrylic acid. Since acrylic acid is dangerous due to its ability to absorb into the skin [since it’s small], when you chain them together into a polymer [which is big], this danger is no longer significant.

It's a common little helper ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together. Also, it can help to increase the solubility of some other ingredients in the formula.

A very common ingredient that can be found in all cell membranes. In cosmetics it's quite the multi-tasker: it's an emollient and water-binding ingredient but it's also an emulsifier and can be used for stabilization purposes. It's also often used to create liposomes.

We don't have description for this ingredient yet.

Sh-Oligopeptide-1 is the famous molecule, which is also called Epidermal Growth Factor or EGF. Chemically speaking, Growth Factors are largish peptides or smallish proteins, or to put it in another way, medium-length amino acid sequences [EGF consists of 53 amino acids]. Biologically speaking, Growth Factors are cellular signal molecules that can stimulate cell growth, proliferation, healing and/or differentiation.

There are lots of Growth Factors and EGF is just one of them. The topic of "Growth Factors and skincare" is a big, confusing and controversial one and we will try our best to summarize the story for you, including the pros and the cons.

EGF is a special snowflake when it comes to skincare as it was the first Growth Factor that made its way into cosmetic products and it is also the most common one. The American biochemist, Stanley Cohen discovered EGF and was awarded a Noble prize in 1986 for it. As the Noble prize may signify, the molecule is significant and powerful and directly stimulates the proliferation of epidermal cells.

When it comes to Sh-Oligopeptide-1 in a cosmetic product, it has pretty well-established wound healing and skin renewal properties. It might even do more than that. According to a 2012 study on a serum containing barley bioengineered epidermal growth factor, "clinical evaluations showed statistically significant improvement in the appearance of fine lines and rhytids, skin texture, pore size, and various dyschromatic conditions apparent within the first month of use, and continuing improvement trends for the duration of the study" [which was 3 months].

This all sounds amazing, "give me some EGF Serum", we can hear you say! But as we wrote in the intro, the topic is complex and controversial so here are some of the questions that keep coming up around slathering EGF all over our face.

The first and biggest concern is that if EGF is so good at stimulating cell proliferation, how does it relate to cancer? Is the definition of cancer not "cells proliferating out of control"? Most experts agree on this answer: EGF is mitogenic [= stimulates cell proliferation] but not mutagenic [= does not alter the cell to make it cancerous]. If you do not have cancer, you will not get cancer from EGF. However, if you have cancerous cells, EGF will help them to spread, just like it helps healthy cells. So if you have a lot of moles, excessive UV exposure in the past, or if you have any of the skin cancer risk factors, we suggest you should think twice about using EGF products. The same is true if you have psoriasis, a skin disease related to the abnormal growth of epidermal skin cells. You do not want to add fuel to the fire with EGF.

Other [less serious] concerns are if EGF can properly penetrate the skin [as it is a medium-sized, polar molecule, so a special delivery system is probably needed], if it can affect collagen synthesis [or just works on the surface plumping up only the upmost layers of the skin] and if it has beneficial effects at all when used in isolation versus when used in a "conditioned media" that contains lots of growth factors resembling the synergistic balance found in the skin.

Overall, our impression is that EGF is definitely a potent molecule. Some EGF products have a cult-like following adding anecdotal evidence to the clinical studies showing EGF has a beneficial effect on the skin. If you like experimenting, by all means, go ahead [unless you have psoriasis or high skin cancer risk factors], but if you are a better safe than sorry type, stick to daily SPF + a good retinoid product. This duo is still the golden standard of anti-aging.

Are you interested in Growth Factors and skincare? We have some more here:

• Human Fibroblast Conditioned Media - a growth factor cocktail used in some cosmetic products
• Insulin-like growth factor 1, aka sh-Oligopeptide -2 - a pal of EGF composed of 70 amino acids
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, aka Sh-Polypeptide-9 - part of a GF cocktail trade named BIO-Placenta

Sh-Polypeptide-1 is a cell signaling protein also called Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and is twin sister to Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor. We can write here pretty much the same things as we did on aFGF: it is a mitogenic [= stimulates cell proliferation] ingredient that stimulates fibroblast cell growth and proliferation. According to manufacturer info, it also stimulates the synthesis of collagen and other extracellular-matrix [the gooey stuff between cells] components.

Growth Factors and skincare is a big, complicated and controversial topic, so if you wanna know more, we have a more detailed explanation on Epidermal Growth Factor, the most common one used in skincare.

We don't have description for this ingredient yet.

We don't have description for this ingredient yet.

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Normal [well kind of - it's purified and deionized] water. Usually the main solvent in cosmetic products.

An often used glycol that works as a solvent, humectant, penetration enhancer and also gives a good slip to the products.

It's a super commonly used water-thin volatile silicone that gives skin and hair a silky, smooth feel.

A real oldie but a goodie. Great natural moisturizer and skin-identical ingredient that plays an important role in skin hydration and general skin health.

A very common silicone that gives both skin and hair a silky smooth feel. It also forms a protective barrier on the skin and fills in fine lines. Also used for scar treatment.

A multi-functional helper ingredient that acts as a humectant and emollient. It's also a solvent and can boost the effectiveness of preservatives.

The famous aloe vera. A great moisturizer and anti-inflammatory ingredient that also helps wound healing and skin regeneration.

A multi-functional skincare superstar that has clinically proven anti-aging, skin lightening, anti-inflammatory and barrier repair properties.

A clear, slightly yellow, odorless oil that's a very common, medium-spreading emollient. It makes the skin feel nice and smooth and works in a wide range of formulas.

A light-feeling, volatile silicone that gives skin a unique, silky and non-greasy feel. It has excellent spreading properties and leaves no oily residue or build-up.

A silicone emulsifier that helps water and silicone oils to mix nicely together.

A common little helper ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together, aka emulsifier.

Waxy, white, solid stuff that helps water and oil to mix together and leaves the skin feeling soft and smooth.

A commonly used water-soluble surfactant and emulsifier.

A super common multitasker ingredient that gives your skin a nice soft feel [emollient] and gives body to creams.

A common little helper ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together, aka emulsifier.

A white, elastomeric silicone powder that gives a nice silky and powdery feel to the products.

It can boost the effectiveness of phenoxyethanol [and other preservatives] and as an added bonus it feels nice on the skin too.

Pro-Vitamin B5 is a goodie that moisturises the skin, has anti-inflammatory, skin protecting and wound healing properties.

Super common soothing ingredient. It can be found naturally in the roots & leaves of the comfrey plant, but more often than not what's in the cosmetic products is produced synthetically. It's not only soothing but it'

The essential oil coming from the peel of the pink grapefruit. Its main component is limonene, a super common fragrant ingredient that makes everything smell nice.

A form of vitamin E that works as an antioxidant. Compared to the pure form it's more stable, has longer shelf life, but it's also more poorly absorbed by the skin.

An important compound in our body that has a vital cell-signalling role. It is wound healing, anti-inflammatory and can help with barrier repair.

Super common little helper ingredient that helps products to remain nice and stable for a longer time. It does so by neutralizing the metal ions in the formula [that usually get into there from water] that would otherwise cause some not so nice changes.

It's the salt form of famous humectant and natural moisturizing factor, hyaluronic acid. It can bind huge amounts of water and it's pretty much the current IT-moisturizer.

Glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer is the fancy word for a common polymer [big molecule from repeated subunits], namely polyacrylic acid [aka carbomer when it comes to cosmetics] with glycerin attached to it in some places. The main thing of this polymer is that it forms a hydrogel [trade named Lubrajel] that can sit on top of the skin and provide moisturizing, water-soluble

It's a common little helper ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together. Also, it can help to increase the solubility of some other ingredients in the formula.

It's quite the multi-tasker: an emollient and water-binding ingredient but also an emulsifier and can be used for stabilization purposes. It's also often used to create liposomes.

Epidermal Growth Factor - a smallish protein that works as a potent cell signaling molecule. It stimulates cell proliferation, wound healing and skin renewal. Do not use if you have psoriasis or high skin cancer risk factors.

Sh-Polypeptide-1 is a cell signaling protein also called Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and is twin sister to Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor.