They want to win the first prize, but that seems unrealistic
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Unit 3 becoming independenceBạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (1.27 MB, 11 trang ) UNIT 3: BECOMING INDEPENDENT quyết đoán /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ (adj) You need to be more decisive. Bạn cần quyết đoán hơn. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ (adj) quyết tâm She seems very determined. No one can stop her from achieving her goals. Cô ấy có vẻ rất quyết tâm. Không ai có thể ngăn cô ấy đạt được mục tiêu của mình. housekeeping công việc gia /ˈhaʊskiːpɪŋ/ (n) đình, việc nhà My husband had a relaxed attitude to housekeeping. Chồng tôi có thái độ thoải mái với công việc nhà. independent độc lập /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ (adj) interpersonal My brother is independent from an early age. Anh trai tôi tự lập từ nhỏ. liên nhân /ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl/ (adj) Interpersonal communication skills are the most important for me because they can help me communicate effectively with people around me. Đối với tôi, các kỹ năng giao tiếp kết nối là quan trọng nhất bởi chúng giúp tôi giao tiếp hiệu quả với người xung quanh loneliness sự cô đơn /ˈləʊnlinəs/ (n) I find it difficult to overcome the feeling of loneliness when I live away from home. Tôi cảm thấy khó khăn trong việc vượt qua nỗi cô đơn khi sống xa nhà. motivated có động lực /ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/ (adj) My students are hardworking and highly motivated. Học sinh của tôi rất chăm chỉ và có động lực cao. prioritize ưu tiên You must learn to prioritize /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ (v) your activities. Bạn phải học cách ưu tiên các hoạt động của mình. protective /prəˈtektɪv/ (adj) che chở, bảo vệ My close friend's parents tend to be very protective of her. Bố mẹ của bạn thân tôi có thiên hướng quá bao bọc con cái. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ (adj) có thể tin cậy được Hung is very reliable - if he says he'll do something, he'll do it. Hùng rất đáng tin cậy - nếu anh ấy nói sẽ làm việc gì, anh ấy chắc chắn sẽ làm việc đó. rely on dựa vào You shouldn't rely too heavily on your parents. /rɪˈlaɪ/ (ph.v) Bạn không nên quá dựa dẫm vào bố mẹ. rigid /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ (adj) cứng rắn, cứng nhắc My parents establish some rigid rules about important issues. Bố mẹ tôi thiết lập một số quy tắc cứng rắn về những vấn đề quan trọng. self-discipline /ˌself (n) tinh thần ˈdɪsəplɪn/ giác tự You need a lot of selfdiscipline when you're doing this work on your own. Bạn cần có tinh thần tự giác cao khi làm công việc này một mình. self-esteem tự tôn, tự trọng /ˌself ɪˈstiːm/ (n) You can build your confidence and self- esteem. Bạn có thể xây dựng sự tự tin và lòng tự trọng của mình. self-reliant /ˌself (adj) tự lực rɪˈlaɪənt/ American parents often teach their children to become self- reliant. Các bậc phụ huynh người Mỹ thường dạy con trở thành người tự lập. Strive cố gắng, nỗ lực /straɪv/ (v) Young people should strive for being independent. Người trẻ nên cố gắng tự lập. suffer chịu đựng, I have suffered from stress /ˈsʌfə(r)/ (v) chịu in my daily life recently. Gần đây tôi thường phải chịu đựng căng thẳng trong cuộc sống hàng ngày. time management quản lý thời Time management is one of /taɪm ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ gian the most important skills that we should develop. (n, p) Quản lý thời gian là một trong những kỹ năng quan trọng nhất mà chúng ta nên phát triển. voice nói lên, lên My parents let me voice my /vɔɪs/ (v) tiếng, bày tỏ opinions on family issues. Bố mẹ cho phép tôi bày tỏ ý kiến về các vấn đề gia đình. well-informed thạo tin, hiểu Nam is well-informed about /ˌwel ɪnˈfɔːmd/ biết what's happening around the world. Nam có nhiều hiểu biết về những vấn đề đang xảy ra trên thế giới. wisely (một cách) /ˈwaɪzli/ (adv) khôn ngoan You should use your time wisely. Bạn nên sử dụng thời gian một cách thông minh. B. GRAMMAR 1. To-infinitives after adjectives * Form 1: Noun/ Pronoun + linking verb + adjective + to -infinitive Chúng ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" sau một số tính từ để miêu tả cảm xúc của ai đó liên quan đến hành động được diễn tả, tức là "ai đó thấy thế nào khi làm gì đó". Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này là: afraid content glad sad amazed delighted grateful shocked anxious determined happy lucky sorry ashamed disappointed pleased surprised bound eager proud terrified careful eligible ready certain frightened reluctant E.g: - I am afraid to go out alone. - The boy is lucky to be born in a rich family. - They are happy to see their old friends again. Những động từ "to hear, to see, to learn, to discover, to find" thường được sử dụng sau một số tính từ như "glad, happy, delighted, disappointed, surprised, sorry". E.g: - She is glad to hear that news. - They are surprised to learn that their daughter had quit her job. * Form 2: It + linking verb + adjective (+ for somebody) + to -infinitive Chúng ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc với chủ ngữ "it" để đưa ra bình luận, đánh giá tính chất của hành động. Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này là: easy, difficult, hard, interesting, boring, nice, great, good, possible, impossible, likely, important, necessary, unreasonable. E.g: - It is impossible for me to finish the report on time. - It was necessary to go there. * Form 3: It + linking verb + adjective + of somebody + to -infinitive Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này với giới từ "of" là các tính từ miêu tả cách cư xử hoặc khả năng của ai đó: right, wrong, nice, kind, clever, intelligent, silly, stupid E.g: - It is kind of you to help me. - It was silly of her to spend all her money. 2. To-infinitives after nouns * Form 1: Noun + to -infinitive Chúng ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" sau 1 số danh từ trừu tượng để nói về những hành động mà chúng liên quan. Các danh từ thường gặp trong dạng này là: ability chance failure permission reminder advice choice goal plan request agreement decision intention preparation requirement ambition demand motivation promise suggestion anxiety desire need proposal tendency appeal determination offer recommendation way arrangement dream opportunity refusal willingness attempt eagerness order reluctance wish E.g: - My decision to close the company was a difficult one to make. - They gave me an opportunity to escape. - I have a desire to live abroad. Lưu ý: Sau danh từ "way" ta có thể dùng "of V-ing" hoặc "to infinitive" E.g: There is noway of stopping/to stop him from talking in class. * Form 2: It + linking verb + noun phrase (+ for somebody) + to -infinitive E.g: - It is a difficult question to answer. - It would be a pity for us to lose such a good player. Ngoài ra, ta có thể dùng cụm danh từ (noun phrase + to infinitive) để diễn tả sự cần thiết hoặc khả năng làm gì. E.g: - There is a lot of work to do on the farm. (= There is a lot of work that we need to do on the farm.) - Let's get something to eat. (= Let's get something that we can eat.) BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box. delighted shocked bound about hesitant sorry 1. He was very __________ to go back there after what had happened. 2. I'm__________to have to say this, but we're going to have to let you go. 3. She was__________to hear the news of his death. He was so young! 4. He was__________to learn that he had been promoted. 5. You're__________to do well because you are intelligent. 6. They're__________to have a baby. It's due any day now. Bài 2: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box. ashamed lucky motivated keen happy proud astonished ready likely determined 1. I'm__________ to be able to give you the good news that you've all passed. 2. She was so__________to get this job. It's really great. 3. Linda is really__________to be the mother of such a successful young man. 4. Is everybody__________to go? The bus is waiting outside. 5. Sarah is very__________to win this race. Her practice times were excellent. 6. She may have messed this one up, but she's__________to do better next time. 7. He was__________to discover that women didn't always fall for his smarmy charm. 8. He's__________to go back there after what he did and said. 9. He's very__________to go in for this competition. He thinks he has a good chance. 10. My cousin doesn't seem to be__________to do anything with his life. Bài 3: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box. fortunate reluctant relieved surprised afraid eager careful 1. He was very__________not to say anything about the divorce to his mother. 2. She was rather__________to hear I had broken her favourite vase. 3. She's very__________to move to another city when she has so many friends here. 4. He was very__________to find out that he didn't have to go to court. 5. We were very__________to see him at the hotel with his secretary. 6. She was__________to start work as soon as possible. 7. I was very__________to have had parents who gave me a lot of encouragement. 8. I'm__________to go in there; you know what he's like. Bài 4: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box. upset unhappy ashamed able due angry unable 1. Mark was very__________to discover that his wife was having an affair. 2. They were very__________to learn that their daughter was in trouble. 3. The report is__________to be published next week. 4. It's great! We were__________to find a real holiday bargain. 5. I am__________to say that I can't remember your name. 6. We regret we are__________to extend your overdraft. Bài 5: Fill in the blanks with "for" or "of". 1. It was really stupid__________you to get involved. 2. It's unusual__________him to behave in this way. 3. It was necessary__________ us to solve this question as soon as possible. 4. It is wrong__________ him to get so angry over such a little thing. 5. Isn't it possible__________you to arrive on time occasionally? 6. It's hard__________her to make a living from her business. 7. It was so clever__________ you to think of doing it like that. 8. It was important__________him to realise how serious this was. 9. It was right__________ her to complain. I'd have done the same. 10. It is so kind__________you to look after the children for the afternoon. Bài 6: Complete the sentences using the given phrases in the box. desire to get offer to help decision to drop opportunity to improve plan to move 1. We were surprised at his__________US with the project. 2. Her__________out of school is a difficult one to make. 3. Studying in the USA gives you an__________ your English skills. 4. It was his__________ a good job that motivated him to study Chinese. 5. Susan's__________to California made her parents angry. Bài 7: Rewrite the sentences, using the nouns in brackets and a to -infinitive phrase. 1. I know how to deal with the problem. (way) I know _________________________. 2. It's surprising that Mai can speak five foreign languages. (ability) Mai's _________________________. 3. The students were not allowed to use materials in the examination room. (permission) The students couldn't __________________________. 4. He tried very hard to overcome difficulties and that makes us surprised. (effort) His _________________________. 5. We didn't know that Mark was going to change his job. (plan) We didn't know _________________________. 6. That she decided to participate in the contest surprised all of us. (decision) Her _________________________. Bài 8: Choose the best answer 1. I was not allowed to stay outside overnight. A. I didn't have to stay outside overnight. B. I had no permission to stay outside overnight. 2. Don't expect that everyone will agree with you. That is unreasonable. A. Everyone is reasonable to agree with you. B. It is unreasonable to expect that everyone will agree with you. 3. Watch this film. It is very useful. A. It is very useful to watch this film. B. Watch this film is very useful. 4. My sister is able to solve every problem quickly. A. My sister has the ability to solve every problem quickly. B. It is hard for my sister to solve every problem quickly. 5. We can't find a suitable candidate for this position. That is difficult. A. It is difficult for US to find a suitable candidate for this position. B. It was difficult for US to find a suitable candidate for this position. 6. She has determination to achieve the goal. A. It was her determination that helped her achieve the goal. B. She is determined to achieve the goal. 7. I don't know how to use this washing machine. A. I don't know the way how to use this machine. B. I don't know the way to use this washing machine. 8. Don't touch that button. It is dangerous. A. It is dangerous not to touch that button. B. It is dangerous to touch that button. Bài 9: Complete the letter by choosing the best answer in brackets. Dear Daisy, My parents and I are (1) (glad, disappointed, sad) to know that you passed the final exam with flying colors. Congratulations! I think that with your excellence, your (2) (decisive, dream, advice) to become a good doctor will come true. My younger sister was really (3) (surprised, ability, determined) to receive a hair curling machine from you on her birthday and she asked me to say "thank you" to you. However, she doesn't know the (4) (chance, way, permission) to use that machine. It seems (5) (difficult, chance, easy) for her to use it. I am excited that you're going to visit my beautiful city. I want to show you my (6) (willing, willingness, demand) to take you to famous places. We're looking forward to seeing you. It will be (7) (nice, unreasonable, necessity) for me to welcome you to my house. Write me soon and confirm your arrival date and time. Love, Lisa Bài 10: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the given words (use n/adj+ to V) 1. I am__________the result of the exam too late, (disappointment, receive) 2. It is important for you __________confidence in yourself, (having) 3. Her__________the secret causes a lot of trouble for her. (fail, kept) 4. It was her__________abroad that inspires her to study hard, (motivate, lived) 5. Mary is__________one of the most excellent students in her class, (happiness, became) 6. It is__________ (luck, have) good friends. 7. Her competitor is not good, which increases her__________the champion, (chance, became) 8. It is rude of him__________when his mouth is full of food, (speaker) Bài 11: Rewrite the following sentences using "noun/ adj + to V" and the given words in brackets. 1. Lan is excited that she wins the first prize in the competition. (excited) _______________________________________________________. 2. My wife was very surprised when she heard that I had won a lottery. (surprised) _______________________________________________________. 3. I was very happy that I met my old friends again. (happy) _______________________________________________________. 4. He is determined that he can find the best solution to this problem. (determined) _______________________________________________________. 5. The room needs cleaning by Ms. Brown this afternoon. (necessary) _______________________________________________________. 6. She finds it interesting to study and listen to music at the same time. (interesting) _______________________________________________________. Bài 12: Rewrite the following sentences using "noun + to V" and the given words in brackets. 1. They want to beat US, but that seems unrealistic. (goal) _______________________________________________________. 2. Tim always tries hard to finish his homework on time. (effort) _______________________________________________________. 3. Nobody knew that she had always wanted to become a teacher. (dream) _______________________________________________________. 4. She has a lot of friends because she's willing to help others unconditionally. (because of, willingness) _______________________________________________________. 5. She decided to take part in the contest. (decision) _______________________________________________________. |