What must be the value of cronbachs alpha to make a research instrument reliable?
Cronbach’s alpha is certainly among the most used statistics in the social Overview Cronbach’s alpha (Cronbach, 1951), also known as coefficient alpha, is a α = (N · c̄) / [v̄ + (N – 1) · c̄] Where N
is the number of scale or items, c-bar is the average inter-item Cronbach’s alpha typically ranges from 0 to 1. Values closer to 1.0 indicate a greater internal consistency of the variables in the scale. In other words, higher Cronbach’s alpha values show greater scale reliability. A value of 1.0 indicates that all of the variability in test scores are due to true score differences (i.e., Utility of Cronbach’s Alpha Cronbach’s alpha has several benefits for researchers including the ability to be used for dichotomous and continuously scored variables. Compared to other strategies for estimating reliability that require samples taken at two different points in time (e.g., test-retest reliability or parallel reliability), Cronbach’s alpha can be
calculated using a single sample. This is particularly beneficial for The major concern with Cronbach’s alpha is its assessment when the number of scale or test item are large. Hair,
Black, Babin, and Anderson (2010) warn that Coefficient Interpretation Interpretation of Cronbach’s alpha is muddled with a lack of agreement regarding the appropriate range of acceptability. A frequently cited acceptable range of Cronbach’s alpha is a value of 0.70 or above. This is derived from the work of Nunnally (1978). However, as noted by Lance, Butts, and Michels (2006), this norm is misleading. So what is an acceptable cut-off? The answer is it depends, because rather than a universal standard the appropriate level of reliability is dependent on how a measure is being applied in research. As more succinctly put by Cho and Kim (2015), “One size does not fit all” (p. 218). The work of Nunnally (1978) provided that the lower cut-off (i.e., 0.70) was appropriate in the early stages of research (i.e., exploratory) such as during scale development, and more stringent cut-offs should be used for basic research (0.80 or higher) and applied research (0.90 or higher) (Lance et al., 2006). In fact for applied research, Nunnally (1978) argued that 0.95 should be considered the standard. Other researchers have provided acceptable lower limits of acceptability for Cronbach’s alpha, including Nunnally (1967) who in the first edition of his book suggested that values as low as 0.50 are appropriate for exploratory research. For another example, Hair et al. (2010) provide that while a value of 0.70 is While researchers disagree on the appropriate lower cut-off values of Conclusion Currently among researchers, Cronbach’s alpha continues to be the most widely used measure of internal consistency reliability. Researchers should be cautious when applying arbitrary cutoff values for Cronbach’s alpha, and
rather should References Cho, E., & Kim, S. (2015). Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha: Well Known but Poorly Understood. Organizational Research Methods, 18(2), 207. Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: Pearson College Division. Lance, C. E., Butts, M. M., & Michels, L. C. (2006). The Sources of Four Nunnally, J. C. (1967). Psychometric theory: McGraw-Hill [1967]. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory: New York : McGraw-Hill, c1978. 2d ed. What value of Cronbach's alpha is reliable?70 and above is good, . 80 and above is better, and . 90 and above is best. Cronbach's alpha does come with some limitations: scores that have a low number of items associated with them tend to have lower reliability, and sample size can also influence your results for better or worse.
How does Cronbach's alpha show the reliability of a research?Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency, that is, how closely related a set of items are as a group. It is considered to be a measure of scale reliability. A “high” value for alpha does not imply that the measure is unidimensional.
What should be the Cronbach's alpha value?There are different reports about the acceptable values of alpha, ranging from 0.70 to 0.95. A low value of alpha could be due to a low number of questions, poor inter-relatedness between items or heterogeneous constructs.
What does a Cronbach's alpha of 0.8 mean?A general accepted rule is that α of 0.6-0.7 indicates an acceptable level of reliability, and 0.8 or greater a very good level. However, values higher than 0.95 are not necessarily good, since they might be an indication of redundance (Hulin, Netemeyer, and Cudeck, 2001).
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