Which of the following is the most common method of buying and selling goods internationally quizlet?

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    1) Which of the following is the most common method of buying and selling goods internationally?
    A) exporting and importing
    B) countertrade
    C) a turnkey project
    D) A merger or an acquisition

    Answer: A

    ...

    2) Which of the following steps of the strategy development process for exports involves performing market research and interpreting results obtained from the research?
    A) identification of a potential market
    B) match needs of the market to the company's abilities
    C) initiation of meetings
    D) commitment of resources

    Answer: A

    ...

    3) Which of the following steps of the strategy development process for exports involves establishing relationships with potential local distributors?
    A) identification of a potential market
    B) match market needs to the company's abilities
    C) initiation of meetings
    D) commitment of resources

    Answer: C

    ...

    4) Which of the following is the first step in developing a successful export strategy?
    A) identification of a potential market
    B) match market needs to the company's abilities
    C) initiation of meetings
    D) commitment of resources

    Answer: A

    ...

    5) Which of the following is true of distributors?
    A) The use of distributors increases the exporter's control over the price buyers are charged.
    B) They are compensated with a fixed salary plus commissions based on the value of their sales.
    C) They are seldom required to take ownership of the merchandise when it enters their country.
    D) They can stunt the growth of the exporter's market share by charging very high prices.

    Answer: D

    ...

    6) Which of the following occurs when a company sells its products to intermediaries who then resell to buyers in a target market?
    A) indirect exporting
    B) counterpurchase
    C) an acquisition
    D) a joint venture

    Answer: A

    ...

    7) Which of the following allows a country to earn back some of the currency it pays out for imports?
    A) switch trading
    B) counterpurchase
    C) buyback
    D) barter

    Answer: B

    ...

    8) Which of the following is the oldest known form of countertrade?
    A) counterpurchase
    B) switch trading
    C) offset
    D) barter

    Answer: D

    ...

    9) The sale of goods and services to a country by a company that promises to buy a specific product from that country in the future is called a(n) ________.
    A) counterpurchase
    B) offset
    C) joint venture
    D) barter

    Answer: A

    ...

    10) A company proposes that in exchange for a hard-currency sale, it will make a hard-currency purchase of an unspecified product from the buyer nation in the future. Which of the following is the company proposing?
    A) a counterpurchase
    B) an offset
    C) a buyback
    D) a barter

    Answer: B

    ...

    11) An offset agreement differs from a counterpurchase agreement in that an offset agreement ________.
    A) fails to specify the type of product that must be purchased
    B) fails to specify the amount that will be spent on the purchase
    C) fails to give a business greater freedom in fulfilling its end of a countertrade deal
    D) fails to make a hard-currency purchase of any product from that nation in the future

    Answer: A

    ...

    12) ________ is a countertrade whereby one company sells to another its obligation to make a purchase in a given country.
    A) Franchising
    B) Joint venture
    C) Switch trading
    D) Barter

    Answer: C

    ...

    13) Buyback is defined as ________.
    A) the export of industrial equipment in return for products produced by that equipment
    B) an agreement that a company will offset a hard-currency sale to a nation by making a hard-currency purchase of an unspecified product from that nation in the future
    C) the sale of goods or services to a country by a company that promises to make a future purchase of a specific product from that country
    D) the exchange of goods or services for a certain amount of money

    Answer: A

    ...

    14) A form of countertrade that usually typifies long-term relationships between the companies involved is called ________.
    A) barter
    B) franchising
    C) offset
    D) buyback

    Answer: D

    ...

    15) Which of the following statements is true of countertrade?
    A) Countertrade is practiced by countries when there is a lack of hard currency.
    B) Countertrade involves products whose prices on world markets tend to remain steady.
    C) Countertrade usually involves industrial products and computer softwares.
    D) Hedging risk in countertrade is prohibited.

    Answer: A

    ...

    16) Which of the following is a strategic factor that influences a company's international entry mode selection?
    A) market consumption capacity
    B) market receptivity
    C) market size
    D) market intensity

    Answer: C

    ...

    17) Which of the following statements is true of the strategic factors that influence a company's international entry mode selection?
    A) Low tariffs and high quota limits encourage market entry by means of investment.
    B) Companies that produce goods with high shipping costs prefer exporting.
    C) Companies set up production units in a host market if the total cost of production is lower in the home market.
    D) Markets that are likely to remain relatively small consider exporting as a viable option.

    Answer: D

    ...

    Scenario: Owen's HomeCare Products
    Owen McCain, owner of Owen's HomeCare Products, is considering going international. He feels that the products he manufactures will be well-received, especially in developing countries. He wants to understand the exporting process and then scale his exporting activities accordingly.

    18) Through his research, Owen learns that the first step in developing a successful export strategy is ________.
    A) initiation of meetings with intermediaries
    B) identification of a potential market
    C) commitment of resources
    D) matching of market needs to company abilities

    Answer: B

    ...

    19)* Which of the following steps would Owen implement toward the end while developing a successful export strategy?
    A) initiation of meetings with intermediaries
    B) identification of a potential market
    C) commitment of resources
    D) matching of market needs to company abilities

    Answer: C

    ...

    20) *If Owen's HomeCare Products decides to sell their products to intermediaries who then resell them to buyers in target markets, the company would be engaging in ________.
    A) indirect exporting
    B) counterpurchase
    C) an acquisition
    D) a joint venture

    Answer: A

    ...

    Scenario: Wang's Techno Toys
    Ann Wang has been successfully running Wang's Techno Toys that sells high-tech toys in the domestic market. Continually increasing and stiff competition at home has now forced Wang's Techno Toys to enter international markets through direct exports.

    21) Which of the following will most likely help Techno Toys sell its toys directly to buyers in the target market?
    A) agents
    B) sales representatives
    C) export management companies
    D) export trading companies

    Answer: B

    ...

    38) Which of the following occurs when a company sells its products to buyers in a target market without going through intermediary companies?
    A) export through local distributors
    B) export through agents
    C) sale through export management companies
    D) sale through export trading companies

    Answer: A

    ...

    39) ________ take ownership of the merchandise when it enters their country and accept all the risks associated with generating local sales.
    A) Agents
    B) Distributors
    C) Sales representatives
    D) Freight forwarders

    Answer: B

    ...

    40) Companies involved in direct exporting typically rely on ________.
    A) distributors
    B) agents
    C) export management companies
    D) export trading companies

    Answer: A

    ...

    41) A(n) ________ exports products on behalf of an indirect exporter.
    A) local distributor
    B) subsidiary
    C) sales representative
    D) export management company

    Answer: D

    ...

    42) Which of the following is a method of export/import financing?
    A) offset
    B) buyback
    C) switch trading
    D) documentary collection

    Answer: D

    ...

    43) Which of the following normally takes the form of a wire transfer of money from the bank account of the importer directly to that of the exporter prior to shipment of merchandise?
    A) documentary collection
    B) letter of credit
    C) advance payment
    D) open account

    Answer: C

    ...

    44) Advance payment is commonly used for export/import financing when ________.
    A) two parties are unfamiliar with each other
    B) the buyer has obtained credit for the transaction
    C) the transaction is for a relatively high amount
    D) the buyer has good credit rating at banks

    Answer: A

    ...

    45) Export/import financing in which a bank acts as an intermediary without accepting financial risk is called ________.
    A) documentary collection
    B) counterpurchase
    C) buyback
    D) open account

    Answer: A

    ...

    46) Which of the following financing methods entails the greatest risk for importers?
    A) documentary collection
    B) advance payment
    C) letter of credit
    D) open account
    Answer: B

    ...

    47) Which of the following financing methods entails the greatest risk for exporters?
    A) supersedeas bond
    B) advance payment
    C) letter of credit
    D) open account

    Answer: D

    ...

    48) ________ is a payment method commonly used when there is an ongoing relationship between the involved parties.
    A) Advance payment
    B) Documentary collection
    C) Letter of credit
    D) Open account

    Answer: B

    ...

    49) A document ordering the importer to pay the exporter a specified sum of money at a specified time is called a ________.
    A) bill of lading
    B) letter of credit
    C) bill of exchange
    D) management contract

    Answer: C

    ...

    50) Which of the following requires an importer to pay for the imported goods when they are delivered?
    A) sight draft
    B) inland bill of lading
    C) air way bill of lading
    D) time draft

    Answer: A

    ...

    51) A(n) ________ becomes a negotiable instrument that can be traded among financial institutions when inscribed "accepted" by an importer.
    A) sight draft
    B) ocean bill of lading
    C) time draft
    D) inland bill of lading

    Answer: C

    ...

    52) Which of the following refers to a contract between the exporter and shipper that specifies merchandise destination and shipping costs?
    A) sight draft
    B) bill of lading
    C) letter of credit
    D) bill of exchange

    Answer: B

    ...

    53) Which of the following is a method of export/import financing in which the importer's bank issues a document stating that the bank will pay the exporter when the exporter fulfills the terms of the document?
    A) sight draft
    B) bill of lading
    C) letter of credit
    D) bill of exchange

    Answer: C

    ...

    54) A(n) ________ allows the bank to modify the terms of the letter only after obtaining the approval of both exporter and importer.
    A) bill of exchange
    B) bill of lading
    C) confirmed letter of credit
    D) irrevocable letter of credit

    Answer: D

    ...

    55) Which of the following letters of credit can be modified without obtaining approval from either the exporter or the importer, by the bank issuing the letter of credit?
    A) revocable letter of credit
    B) confirmed letter of credit
    C) at sight letter of credit
    D) usance letter of credit

    Answer: A

    ...

    56) A(n) ________ is guaranteed by both the exporter's bank in the country of export and the importer's bank in the country of import.
    A) confirmed letter of credit
    B) transferrable letter of credit
    C) revocable letter of credit
    D) irrevocable letter of credit

    Answer: A

    ...

    57) Letters of credit are popular among traders because most of the risks are assumed by ________.
    A) distributors
    B) importers
    C) exporters
    D) banks

    Answer: D

    ...

    58) Export/import financing in which an exporter ships merchandise and later bills the importer for its value is called ________.
    A) advance payment
    B) open account
    C) a letter of credit
    D) documentary collection

    Answer: B

    ...

    Scenario: Wang's Techno Toys
    Ann Wang has been successfully running Wang's Techno Toys that sells high-tech toys in the domestic market. Continually increasing and stiff competition at home has now forced Wang's Techno Toys to enter international markets through direct exports.

    59) In some countries, people exchange electronic goods for Techno Toys instead of paying money for them. This practice is known as ________.
    A) offset
    B) counterpurchase
    C) switch trading
    D) barter

    Answer: D

    ...

    60) *Which of the following methods of export/import financing is Techno Toys' bank using if it acts as an intermediary without accepting financial risk?
    A) documentary collection
    B) buyback
    C) letter of credit
    D) advance payment

    Answer: A

    ...

    Scenario: Gro-Tru Grows To Europe
    Gro-Tru, a maker of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, sees enormous growth potential in Central Europe. The company has received several inquiries from potential importers in the region, but in most cases, the potential importers have expressed difficulty in obtaining the hard currency to pay for Gro-Tru's products. Alistair Green, vice-president for business development, is exploring how Gro-Tru can meet the needs of the potential market.

    61) Alistair has identified an option that might help the firm deal with the importer's inability to pay with hard currency. The option involves selling goods or services that are paid for in whole or part with other goods or services. Which of the following methods is Alistair considering?
    A) auction
    B) bidding
    C) countertrade
    D) tendering

    Answer: C

    ...

    62) *Which of the following methods would Gro-Tru be implementing if it exchanges its products directly for other goods or services without the use of money?
    A) barter
    B) offset
    C) switch trading
    D) buyback

    Answer: A

    ...

    63) *Gro-Tru would be engaging in ________, if it decides that in exchange for a hard-currency sale it would make a hard-currency purchase of an unspecified product from the importing nation in the future.
    A) barter
    B) offset
    C) switch trading
    D) buyback

    Answer: B

    ...

    64)* One option that intrigues Alistair is the process in which one company sells to another its obligation to make a purchase in a given country. This arrangement is known as ________.
    A) barter
    B) offset
    C) switch trading
    D) buyback

    Answer: C

    ...

    65) *In his research, Alistair discovers a type of arrangement in which industrial equipment is exported in return for products produced by that equipment. This arrangement is known as ________.
    A) barter
    B) offset
    C) switch trading
    D) buyback

    Answer: D

    ...

    Scenario: Sports Stuff Inc.
    Herb Graham is vice president of Sports Stuff Inc., a business that develops, manufactures, and markets sports products. The company is looking to expand its operations into the European market. Herb believes that if the company expands its product line to include products reflecting sports that are popular in Europe, the company will achieve success there.

    66) Herb knows that much of the success his company enjoys is due to the patents and copyrights that protect the company's products. If Sports Stuff chooses an entry mode in which it grants another firm the right to use its intangible property for a specified period of time, it would be engaging in ________.
    A) a turnkey project
    B) franchising
    C) licensing
    D) a joint venture

    Answer: C

    ...

    67) Herb has been exploring another type of entry mode that requires ongoing assistance on the part of one firm, often in the form of start-up capital, management training, or location advice. Herb is most likely considering ________.
    A) a strategic alliance
    B) franchising
    C) licensing
    D) a joint venture

    Answer: B

    ...

    78) Selling goods or services that are paid for, in whole or part, with other goods or services is called ________.
    A) indirect exporting
    B) countertrade
    C) licensing
    D) a joint venture

    Answer: B

    ...

    79) Which of the following refers to the exchange of goods or services directly for other goods or services without the use of money?
    A) offset
    B) barter
    C) counterpurchase
    D) switch trading

    Answer: B

    ...

    80) Which of the following is a contractual entry mode?
    A) wholly owned subsidies
    B) turnkey projects
    C) joint ventures
    D) strategic alliances

    Answer: B

    ...

    81) Which of the following is a contractual entry mode in which a company owning intangible property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period of time?
    A) franchising
    B) licensing
    C) management contract
    D) strategic alliance

    Answer: B

    ...

    Scenario: Sports Stuff Inc.
    Herb Graham is vice president of Sports Stuff Inc., a business that develops, manufactures, and markets sports products. The company is looking to expand its operations into the European market. Herb believes that if the company expands its product line to include products reflecting sports that are popular in Europe, the company will achieve success there.

    82) Which of the following entry modes would Sports Stuff be implementing if it hires a company to design, construct, and test a production facility on its behalf?
    A) joint venture
    B) turnkey project
    C) wholly owned subsidiary
    D) franchising

    Answer: B

    ...

    88) Which of the following statements is true of licensing?
    A) Licensing restricts finances needed for international expansion.
    B) Cross licensing grants a company the right to use a property but does not grant it sole access to a market.
    C) A major advantage of licensing is that it is the least risky method of international expansion.
    D) Licensing increases the likelihood that a licensor's product will appear on the black market.

    Answer: C

    89) Which of the following is a contractual entry mode in which one company supplies another with intangible property and other assistance over an extended period?
    A) franchising
    B) management contract
    C) licensing
    D) strategic alliance

    Answer: A

    ...

    90) When one company is hired to design, construct, and test a production facility for a client, the arrangement is called ________.
    A) a turnkey project
    B) licensing
    C) a joint venture
    D) franchising

    Answer: A

    ...

    91) Which of the following is an investment entry mode?
    A) licensing
    B) franchising
    C) joint venture
    D) turnkey project

    Answer: C

    ...

    92) Which of the following is an advantage of wholly owned subsidiaries?
    A) The parent company receives all profits generated by the subsidiary.
    B) They are the least expensive investment entry modes.
    C) They help in the sharing of the cost of an international investment project.
    D) They are the least risky when compared to other investment entry modes.

    Answer: A

    ...

    93) A ________ is a separate company created and owned by two or more independent entities to achieve a common business objective.
    A) wholly owned subsidiary
    B) joint venture
    C) strategic alliance
    D) turnkey project

    Answer: B

    ...

    94) Which of the following types of joint ventures involve parties investing together in downstream business activities?
    A) backward integration
    B) forward integration
    C) multistage
    D) buyback

    Answer: B

    ...

    95) A ________ joint venture is formed when each partner requires the same component in its production process.
    A) backward
    B) multistage
    C) forward
    D) buyback

    Answer: D

    ...

    96) Which of the following is a disadvantage of strategic alliances?
    A) They are the most expensive among the investment entry modes.
    B) They increase the likelihood that one partner will try to take advantage of the other.
    C) They create future competitors.
    D) They fail to tap into their competitors' specific strengths.

    Answer: C

    ...

    Scenario: Sports Stuff Inc.
    Herb Graham is vice president of Sports Stuff Inc., a business that develops, manufactures, and markets sports products. The company is looking to expand its operations into the European market. Herb believes that if the company expands its product line to include products reflecting sports that are popular in Europe, the company will achieve success there.

    97) The CEO of Sports Stuff has decided that the company needs to retain complete control over its operations in Europe. To achieve this objective, Herb would most likely recommend that the firm establish a ________.
    A) joint venture
    B) cross licensing agreement
    C) wholly owned subsidiary
    D) strategic alliance

    Answer: C

    ...

    98) *The board of directors of Sports Stuff is concerned with the firm's lack of experience in foreign markets. To minimize this problem, Herb recommends that the firm create a ________ with a local partner.
    A) joint venture
    B) turnkey project
    C) wholly owned subsidiary
    D) franchise

    Answer: A

    ...

    104) Which of the following statements best differentiates between franchising and licensing?
    A) Licensing gives a company greater control than franchising over the sale of its product in a target market.
    B) Franchising is common in manufacturing industries while licensing is primarily used in service industries.
    C) Franchising requires ongoing assistance from the franchiser while licensing normally involves a one-time transfer of property.
    D) Licensees must often meet strict guidelines on product quality, day-to-day management duties, and marketing promotions unlike franchisees.

    Answer: C

    ...

    1) Governments in developing countries impose fewer consumer protection laws in order to ________.
    A) hold down production costs and consumer prices
    B) enable companies to focus on profit-making exclusively
    C) decrease the flow of foreign direct investment into the country
    D) decrease the complexity of the legal procedures for foreign direct investment

    Answer: A

    ...

    2) All company and product brand names are made up of semantic elements or language building blocks called ________.
    A) aesthetics
    B) morphemes
    C) hybrid words
    D) propositions

    Answer: B

    ...

    3) ________ are imitation products passed off as legitimate trademarks, patents, or copyrighted works.
    A) Giffen goods
    B) Counterfeit goods
    C) Inferior goods
    D) Intangible goods

    Answer: B

    ...

    4) Which of the following is true of counterfeit goods?
    A) Developed nations normally have the most active counterfeiting markets.
    B) Counterfeiting is more common among less visible local brands than global brands.
    C) Most counterfeit products are imitations of products that normally enjoy legal protection.
    D) Engineered industrial components and medicines are among the few categories of products that cannot be counterfeited.

    Answer: C

    ...

    5) Which of the following is a marketplace of underground transactions that typically appear because a product is either illegal or tightly regulated?
    A) black market
    B) niche market
    C) two-sided market
    D) vertical market

    Answer: A

    ...

    6) Which of the following is among the most commonly counterfeited products?
    A) aircraft parts
    B) watches
    C) surgical equipment
    D) medicines

    Answer: B

    ...

    7) Which of the following statements is true about international promotions?
    A) Most companies standardize all aspects of their international promotions to cut costs.
    B) Firms that standardize advertising often control campaigns from the home office.
    C) Companies that adapt their advertising to different markets project a consistent brand image.
    D) Companies discourage blending product and promotional strategies in a communication process.

    Answer: B

    ...

    8) ________ refers to anything that disrupts the audience's ability to receive and interpret a promotional message.
    A) Noise
    B) Interpolation
    C) Feedback
    D) Resonance

    Answer: A

    ...

    9) The physical path a product follows on its way to customers is called a(n) ________.
    A) distribution channel
    B) demand chain
    C) critical path
    D) external value network

    Answer: A

    ...

    10) Companies along a distribution channel that work together in delivering products to customers are called ________.
    A) subsidiaries
    B) intermediaries
    C) value chains
    D) value networks

    Answer: B

    ...

    23) The term ________ refers to a company's efforts to reach distribution channels and target customers through communications such as personal selling, advertising, public relations, and direct marketing.
    A) social marketing
    B) viral marketing
    C) promotion mix
    D) positioning

    Answer: C

    ...

    24) ________ is a major component of a promotion mix.
    A) Distribution
    B) Market segmentation
    C) Pricing
    D) Public relations

    Answer: D

    ...

    25) Which of the following promotional strategies is being used by a company that hires a fleet of trucks to drive through village squares and hand out free trial packages to potential end users?
    A) push strategy
    B) pull strategy
    C) retrenchment strategy
    D) differentiation strategy

    Answer: B

    26) A promotional strategy designed to create buyer demand that will encourage channel members to stock a company's product is called a ________.
    A) pull strategy
    B) push strategy
    C) retrenchment strategy
    D) stability strategy

    Answer: A

    ...

    27) Which of the following is a push strategy that companies use to promote their products?
    A) mass media advertising
    B) direct marketing techniques
    C) free trial packages
    D) retail product stocking

    Answer: D

    ...

    28) Which of the following is a promotional strategy designed to pressure channel members to carry a product and promote it to final users?
    A) differentiation strategy
    B) retrenchment strategy
    C) push strategy
    D) pull strategy

    Answer: C

    ...

    29) As a promotional strategy, manufacturers of products that are commonly sold through department and grocery stores often use ________.
    A) a push strategy
    B) a pull strategy
    C) retrenchment strategy
    D) stability strategy

    Answer: A

    ...

    30) A ________ is used for a product's promotion when there are many levels of intermediaries in its distribution channel.
    A) push strategy
    B) pull strategy
    C) retrenchment strategy
    D) stability strategy

    Answer: B

    ...

    31) Which of the following circumstances would best require a push strategy to be implemented for product promotion?
    A) channel members wield a great deal of power relative to that of producers
    B) distribution channels are lengthy
    C) buyers display a great deal of brand loyalty to particular product
    D) products in question are industrial goods

    Answer: D

    ...

    32) Which of the following circumstances would best require a pull strategy to be implemented for product promotion?
    A) channel members wield relatively lesser power compared to that of producers
    B) buyers display a great deal of brand loyalty to a particular product
    C) distribution channels are short
    D) buyers need to be informed about the features of a product before purchase

    Answer: B

    ...

    33) A ________ strategy is best suited for the promotion of industrial products because potential buyers usually need to be informed about a product's special features before purchase.
    A) push
    B) pull
    C) stability
    D) differentiation

    Answer: A

    ...

    34) A company that makes its marketing program elements uniform, targeting an entire region with similar products, is demonstrating ________.
    A) customization
    B) segmentation
    C) standardization
    D) differentiation

    Answer: C

    ...

    35) The process of sending messages about products to target markets is called ________.
    A) customer relations
    B) customer service
    C) market segmentation
    D) marketing communication

    Answer: D

    ...

    36) Which of the following occurs when an idea to be communicated is translated into images, words, and symbols?
    A) compiling
    B) encoding
    C) parsing
    D) processing
    Answer: B

    ...

    37) Once an audience receives a message, they interpret the meaning of the message by ________ it.
    A) preprocessing
    B) decoding
    C) parsing
    D) compiling

    Answer: B

    ...

    38) Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of the marketing communication process?
    A) promotional message; encoding; decoding; feedback
    B) encoding; promotional message; decoding; feedback
    C) promotional message; decoding; feedback; encoding
    D) encoding; decoding; promotional message; feedback

    Answer: B

    ...

    39) Which of the following communication strategies uses the same home-market product and marketing promotion in target markets?
    A) product/communications extension
    B) product extension/communications adaptation
    C) product adaptation/communications extension
    D) product/communications adaptation

    Answer: A

    ...

    40) Which of the following communication strategies expands the same product into new target markets but alters its marketing promotion?
    A) product/communications extension
    B) product extension/communications adaptation
    C) product adaptation/communications extension
    D) product/communications adaptation
    Answer: B

    ...

    41) Which of the following communication strategies adapts a product to the requirements of the international market while retaining its original marketing communication?
    A) product/communications extension
    B) product extension/communications adaptation
    C) product adaptation/communications extension
    D) product/communications adaptation
    Answer: C

    ...

    42) Which of the following communication strategies adapts both the product and its marketing communication to suit the target market?
    A) product/communications extension
    B) product extension/communications adaptation
    C) product adaptation/communications extension
    D) product/communications adaptation

    Answer: D

    ...

    43) A ________ strategy can be implemented successfully for communicating promotional messages only if a sufficiently large and profitable market segment exists.
    A) dual extension method
    B) product extension/communications adaptation method
    C) product adaptation/communications extension method
    D) dual adaptation method

    Answer: D

    ...

    44) ________ is often necessary as a communication strategy when many important differences exist between the home and target markets.
    A) Product invention
    B) Product adaptation
    C) Dual adaptation
    D) Dual extension

    Answer: A

    ...

    45) Which of the following refers to planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flow of a product from its point of origin to its point of consumption?
    A) customization
    B) distribution
    C) communication
    D) promotion

    Answer: B

    ...

    Silk Industries LLC comprises two major divisions: consumer products and industrial products. The consumer product line of the company is well-recognized and consists of loyal customers worldwide. The management is considering different types of promotional strategies for the two product divisions.

    46) *If Silk Industries is interested in creating buyer demand that will encourage channel members to stock its products, it should employ ________.
    A) a pull strategy
    B) a push strategy
    C) horizontal integration
    D) vertical integration

    Answer: A

    ...

    47) *Which of the following would be most appropriate for its consumer product line?
    A) horizontal integration
    B) vertical integration
    C) push strategy
    D) pull strategy

    Answer: D

    ...

    48) *Which of the following would be most appropriate for its products sold through grocery stores?
    A) horizontal integration
    B) vertical integration
    C) push strategy
    D) pull strategy

    Answer: C

    ...

    49) *If Silk Industries pressures channel members to carry a product and promote it to final users, it is using ________.
    A) pull strategy
    B) push strategy
    C) vertical integration
    D) horizontal integration
    Answer: B

    ...

    65) A distribution channel in which a manufacturer grants the right to sell its products to only one or a limited number of resellers is called a(n) ________.
    A) intensive channel
    B) exclusive channel
    C) zero-level channel
    D) two-level channel

    Answer: B

    ...

    66) A(n) ________ channel creates a barrier that makes it difficult or impossible for outsiders to penetrate.
    A) exclusive
    B) intensive
    C) selective
    D) two-level

    Answer: A

    ...

    67) A(n) ________ channel gives producers a good deal of control over the sale of their product by channel members such as wholesalers and retailers.
    A) exclusive
    B) intensive
    C) two-level
    D) selective

    Answer: A

    ...

    68) A distribution channel in which a producer grants the right to sell its product to many resellers is referred to as a(n) ________.
    A) one-level channel
    B) zero-level channel
    C) exclusive channel
    D) intensive channel

    Answer: D

    ...

    69) A(n) ________ channel does not create strong barriers to channel entry for other producers, nor does it provide much control over reseller decisions such as what competing brands to sell.
    A) one-level
    B) zero-level
    C) exclusive
    D) intensive

    Answer: D

    ...

    70) A(n) ________ channel provides buyers with location convenience because of the large number of outlets through which a product is sold.
    A) intensive
    B) exclusive
    C) one-level
    D) zero-level

    Answer: A

    ...

    71) ________ refers to the number of intermediaries between producer and buyer.
    A) Critical path
    B) Channel length
    C) Frequency
    D) Value density

    Answer: B

    ...

    72) Which of the following is also known as direct marketing?
    A) an intensive channel
    B) an exclusive channel
    C) a zero-level channel
    D) a two-level channel

    Answer: C

    ...

    73) A(n) ________ channel places a single intermediary between the producer and the buyer.
    A) intensive
    B) exclusive
    C) one-level
    D) two-level

    Answer: C

    ...

    Scenario: Old World Ltd.
    Old World Ltd., a London-based furniture manufacturer, is establishing its global distribution, pricing, and promotion strategies. Being new to global business, the firm is seeking your help in making its decisions.

    74) If Old World wants to grant the right to sell its furniture to only a limited number of resellers, it should consider a(n) ________ channel.
    A) intensive
    B) exclusive
    C) two-level
    D) selective

    Answer: B

    ...

    75*) If Old World wants to have its furniture sold through as many distribution outlets as possible, it should consider a(n) ________ channel.
    A) exclusive
    B) intensive
    C) one-level
    D) zero-level

    Answer: B

    ...

    76)* Old World should pursue a(n) ________ channel if it decides to greatly intensify its direct marketing efforts.
    A) intensive
    B) one-level
    C) zero-level
    D) selective

    Answer: C

    ...

    83) The value of a product relative to its weight and volume is called its ________.
    A) face value
    B) value investing
    C) real value
    D) value density

    Answer: D

    ...

    84) Which of the following is implied by a product with a low value density?
    A) the distribution system is more localized
    B) the product is more valuable
    C) the cost of shipping the product is negligible
    D) the product is processed in areas away from their original locations

    Answer: A

    ...

    85) Which of the following products has a low value-density ratio?
    A) semiconductors
    B) emerald
    C) crude oil
    D) premium perfumes

    Answer: C

    ...

    86) Which of the following is true of the value densities of products?
    A) The cost of transporting goods with high value-density ratios is high relative to their value.
    B) Products with high value-density ratios are integrated into the manufacturing process at points close to their original locations.
    C) Most commodities, including cement, iron ore, and crude oil, have high value-density ratios.
    D) The lower a product's value density, the more localized the distribution system.

    Answer: D

    ...

    87) A pricing policy in which one selling price is established for all international markets is called ________.
    A) dual pricing
    B) value-based pricing
    C) worldwide pricing
    D) target pricing

    Answer: C

    ...

    88) A pricing policy in which a product has a different selling price in export markets than it has in the home market is called ________.
    A) dual pricing
    B) cost-plus pricing
    C) penetration pricing
    D) premium pricing

    Answer: A

    ...

    89) When a product has a higher selling price in the target market than it does in the home market or the country where production takes place, it is called ________.
    A) price skimming
    B) price escalation
    C) price dispersion
    D) price fixing

    Answer: B

    ...

    90) Which of the following refers to the price charged for products sold between a company's divisions or subsidiaries?
    A) dual pricing
    B) transfer price
    C) price skimming
    D) arm's length price

    Answer: B

    ...

    91) The free-market price that unrelated parties charge one another for a specific product is called a(n) ________.
    A) worldwide price
    B) transfer price
    C) dual price
    D) arm's length price

    Answer: D

    ...

    92) Upper or lower limits placed on the prices of products sold within a country are known as ________.
    A) price controls
    B) transfer prices
    C) price escalators
    D) arm's length prices

    Answer: A

    ...

    93) Which of the following occurs when the price of a good is lower in export markets than it is in the domestic market?
    A) skimming
    B) dumping
    C) transfer pricing
    D) price escalation

    Answer: B

    ...

    Scenario: Old World Ltd.
    Old World Ltd., a London-based furniture manufacturer, is establishing its global distribution, pricing, and promotion strategies. Being new to global business, the firm is seeking your help in making its decisions.

    94) If Old World adopts different selling prices in export markets than it has in the British market, it would be following a ________ pricing strategy.
    A) dual
    B) transfer
    C) target
    D) worldwide

    Answer: A

    ...

    Scenario: Scooters Inc.
    Scooters Inc. is a producer of pricey scooters. The company's profits come mostly from the sales of its luxury line that caters to the esteem needs of the rich population. Ben Driven, vice president of marketing for Scooters Inc., has been asked to review the company's pricing strategy

    95*) Ben knows that a pricing policy in which one selling price is established for all international markets is called ________.
    A) worldwide pricing
    B) value-based pricing
    C) dual pricing
    D) arm's length pricing

    Answer: A

    ...

    96)* Because Scooters Inc. caters to a very narrow niche of wealthy individuals, the CEO is interested in implementing a worldwide pricing scheme. Which of the following is most likely a reason for the establishment of such a scheme?
    A) Their production costs differ from market to market.
    B) The currency values fluctuate fairly predictably.
    C) Their distribution channels are lengthy in each market.
    D) Their customers have similar levels of purchasing power.

    Answer: D

    ...

    97) *Scooters Inc. has traditionally sold its products at one price in the domestic market and at another price in export markets, which is called a(n) ________ pricing strategy.
    A) target
    B) value
    C) dual
    D) arm's length

    Answer: C

    ...

    1) Which of the following terms refers to the decision of whether to produce a component internally or to outsource it from another company?
    A) buyer decision process
    B) decision problem
    C) per curiam decision
    D) make-or-buy decision

    Answer: D

    ...

    2) The process of assessing a company's ability to produce enough output to satisfy market demand is called ________.
    A) capacity planning
    B) lean production
    C) process management
    D) product structure modeling

    Answer: A

    ...

    3) Transportation costs are one of the driving forces behind the globalization of the ________ industry.
    A) health care
    B) publishing
    C) software
    D) steel

    Answer: D

    ...

    4) Which of the following statements is true regarding location economies?
    A) The demand and supply factors heavily influence the productivity of a location.
    B) They apply only to service providers.
    C) Each production activity generates more value in a particular location than elsewhere.
    D) They are restricted to business activities that involve product manufacturing.

    Answer: C

    ...

    5) ________ refers to the concentration of production facilities in one location.
    A) Lean production
    B) Continuous production
    C) Centralized production
    D) Horizontal integration

    Answer: C

    ...

    6) ________ refers to a situation in which facilities are spread over several locations, with one facility for each national business environment in which the company markets its products.
    A) Continuous production
    B) Decentralized production
    C) Vertical integration
    D) Lean production

    Answer: B

    ...

    7) A British toy company manufactures all of its product lines in a single facility in Europe. Which of the following is the company demonstrating?
    A) continuous production
    B) lean production
    C) centralized production
    D) horizontal integration

    Answer: C

    ...

    8) An Asian jewelry company maintains production facilities in South Korea, Vietnam, and Malaysia. Which of the following is the company exemplifying?
    A) lean production
    B) decentralized production
    C) vertical integration
    D) continuous production

    Answer: B

    ...

    9) A company that sells differentiated products may maintain the ability to respond quickly to changing buyer preferences by utilizing ________.
    A) vertical integration
    B) decentralized production
    C) lean production
    D) continuous production

    Answer: B

    ...

    10) The decentralization of production facilities is a typical policy for companies that pursue ________.
    A) a multinational strategy
    B) a global strategy
    C) mass customization
    D) vertical integration

    Answer: A

    ...

    11) The centralization of production facilities is a typical policy for companies that pursue ________.
    A) horizontal integration
    B) product differentiation
    C) a global strategy
    D) a multinational strategy

    Answer: C

    ...

    12) Companies with centralized production facilities are often pursuing ________ strategies.
    A) low-cost
    B) differentiation
    C) retrenchment
    D) combination

    Answer: A

    ...

    13) Deciding the sequence of operations a company will use to create its product is called ________.
    A) product planning
    B) capacity planning
    C) location economies
    D) process planning

    Answer: D

    ...

    14) Which of the following determines the process that a company will use to create its product?
    A) a firm's multinational strategy
    B) a firm's global strategy
    C) a firm's corporate-level strategy
    D) a firm's business-level strategy

    Answer: D

    ...

    15) Which of the following will a company that is pursuing a low-cost leadership strategy most likely use for creating its product?
    A) implement handcrafted artisanship
    B) manufacture in large production batches
    C) manufacture components in-house
    D) customize products for each customer

    Answer: B

    ...

    16) Deciding the spatial arrangement of production processes within production units is called ________.
    A) facilities layout planning
    B) capacity planning
    C) process planning
    D) location economies

    Answer: A

    ...

    17) Which of the following factors has the least effect on facilities layout planning?
    A) supply of land in a nation
    B) cost of land in a nation
    C) a firm's production process
    D) age of the company

    Answer: D

    ...

    Scenario: Wilson Industries Inc.
    Wilson Industries Inc. is a multinational firm that designs and produces premium leather bags for major destinations worldwide. The company's board of directors is meeting to discuss changes that might be needed in the company's operations

    18) The board plans to examine Wilson's ability to produce enough bags to satisfy their customers' demands. This evaluation is known as ________.
    A) capacity planning
    B) process planning
    C) lean production
    D) product structure modeling

    Answer: A

    ...

    19) *If Wilson Industries selects a new area for its production units, the company will be implementing ________.
    A) capacity planning
    B) process planning
    C) facilities location planning
    D) product structure modeling

    Answer: C

    ...

    20) *The board will also examine new production techniques the company could use to create its product. This examination is a part of ________.
    A) capacity planning
    B) process planning
    C) facilities location planning
    D) centralized production

    Answer: B

    ...

    21)* If the board discusses the spatial arrangement of production processes within Wilson's production facilities, they will be engaging in ________.
    A) capacity planning
    B) facilities location planning
    C) process planning
    D) facilities layout planning

    Answer: D

    ...

    Based in Kentucky, Hafstrom Motors has always used spare parts made in America for its automobiles. However, sales and profits have slumped over the past three years. A senior manager at the company comes up with new strategies for improving the firm's production activities.

    22)* The senior manager recommends that Hafstrom obtain auto parts from a country where production activities would generate more value than it would generate elsewhere. He wants to take advantage of ________.
    A) just-in-time manufacturing
    B) facilities layout planning
    C) process planning
    D) location economies

    Answer: D

    ...

    38) The process by which a company extends its control over additional stages of production is called ________.
    A) a push strategy
    B) a pull strategy
    C) vertical integration
    D) horizontal integration

    Answer: C

    ...

    39) Which of the following reasons encourages companies to make a product rather than buy it?
    A) Making a product gives managers greater control over the production process.
    B) Making a product lowers the risk associated with the production process.
    C) Making a product increases the company's flexibility to respond to market conditions.
    D) Making a product gives companies a great deal of power in their relationships with suppliers.

    Answer: A

    ...

    40) Which of the following reasons encourages companies to buy a product rather than make it?
    A) Buying a product gives managers greater control over the production process.
    B) Buying a product decreases the company's total costs significantly compared to making the product in-house.
    C) Buying a product ensures non-flexibility to local market conditions.
    D) Buying a product enables a company to gain a great deal of power in their relationships with suppliers.

    Answer: D

    ...

    41) Which of the following processes will a computer assembling firm engage in if it decides to manufacture its own monitors and printers?
    A) outsourcing
    B) vertical integration
    C) niche marketing
    D) lean production

    Answer: B

    ...

    42) A firm that buys from another company a good or service that is part of the firm's value-added activities is practicing ________.
    A) outsourcing
    B) vertical integration
    C) horizontal integration
    D) lean production

    Answer: A

    ...

    43) ________ will enable a company to reduce the degree to which it is vertically integrated and the overall amount of specialized skills and knowledge that it would have to possess.
    A) Outsourcing
    B) Skimming
    C) Lean production
    D) Centralized production

    Answer: A

    ...

    44) Which of the following statements is true of outsourcing?
    A) It reduces economic risk by facilitating the purchase of large insurance policies.
    B) It reduces production risk by eliminating delays in the timely receipt of needed parts.
    C) It reduces political risk by enabling the company to avoid investing in plants and equipment abroad.
    D) It reduces currency risk by allowing the company to invest the home currency on in-house production facilities.

    Answer: C

    ...

    45) Computer companies buying hardware components from component-makers, assembling them in their own facilities, and selling completed systems to consumers and businesses is an example of ________.
    A) telecommuting
    B) franchising
    C) outsourcing
    D) licensing

    Answer: C

    ...

    46) Which of the following is experienced by a company that outsources its product development?
    A) reduced investments in research and development
    B) reduced market flexibility
    C) less market influence with suppliers
    D) lower product costs due to the elimination of intermediaries

    Answer: A

    ...

    47) ________ in the computer industry is the outsourcing of the actual assembly of computers plus the job of shipping them to distributors and other intermediaries.
    A) Agile manufacturing
    B) Just in time manufacturing
    C) Lean manufacturing
    D) Stealth manufacturing

    Answer: D

    ...

    48) Storage facilities, retail outlets, and production equipment are examples of ________.
    A) liquid assets
    B) current assets
    C) fixed assets
    D) intangible assets

    Answer: C

    ...

    49) A fixed asset can also be referred to as a ________ asset.
    A) liquid
    B) current
    C) tangible
    D) trading account

    Answer: C

    ...

    50) Which of the following is a barrier to buying products from international suppliers?
    A) extremely low tariffs
    B) additional transportation costs
    C) lower flexibility to respond to market conditions
    D) high political risk

    Answer: B

    ...

    51) Which of the following is established by a company that builds an entirely new facility?
    A) a divestiture
    B) a shadow economy
    C) a greenfield investment
    D) a shell corporation

    Answer: C

    ...

    Scenario: Hafstrom Motors
    Based in Kentucky, Hafstrom Motors has always used spare parts made in America for its automobiles. However, sales and profits have slumped over the past three years. A senior manager at the company comes up with new strategies for improving the firm's production activities.

    52) The top management of the company contends that Hafstrom would benefit most from manufacturing its own parts, rather than sourcing it from elsewhere, even if they are made at another location overseas. Which of the following is being recommended in this approach?
    A) just-in-time manufacturing
    B) location economies
    C) vertical integration
    D) outsourcing

    Answer: C

    ...

    53) *The senior manager argues that Hafstrom could reduce its costs significantly by purchasing parts from companies located overseas rather than producing its own parts. Which of the following is the senior manager advocating?
    A) outsourcing
    B) a greenfield investment
    C) lean production
    D) vertical integration

    Answer: A

    ...

    Scenario: Audio Component Outsourcing
    Echo Corporation manufactures high-quality audio components, such as speakers, amplifiers, and receivers, for home entertainment systems. Echo has been losing market share in recent years due to the competitive pricing of other audio component manufacturers that engage in outsourcing. Echo managers are attempting to convince Nathan Douglas, the firm's founder and CEO, that outsourcing would enable the firm to be more competitive without sacrificing quality.

    54) Which of the following most likely supports the argument of Echo managers to outsource some of the firm's manufacturing activities?
    A) Echo managers could reduce the wages of U.S. based employees and sub-contractors.
    B) Echo could save money by reducing the costs incurred in manufacturing the component parts.
    C) Echo managers could implement a marketing campaign for foreign markets that is identical to the outsourced firm's marketing campaign.
    D) Echo could merge with one of its U.S.-based competitors to gain a larger market share.

    Answer: B

    ...

    55)*Which of the following should most likely be considered in making the decision to outsource some of Echo's manufacturing activities?
    A) Do purchasing components present the lowest cost option for Echo?
    B) Would Echo engineers be willing to relocate to a foreign nation?
    C) Is Echo prepared to cover moving expenses for its managerial talent?
    D) Can Echo find employees for a customer service center in the U.S.?

    Answer: A

    ...

    64) Which of the following statements is true regarding the ISO 9000 standards?
    A) They specify details on how companies should develop its quality processes.
    B) The standards are applicable to Asia exclusively.
    C) ISO 9000 is a certification that companies get for their environment-friendly initiatives.
    D) The standards require each company to define and document its own quality processes.
    Answer: D

    65) ________ is the term used to refer to a production technique in which inventory is kept to a minimum and inputs to the production process arrive exactly when they are needed.
    A) Just-in-time manufacturing
    B) Lean manufacturing
    C) Continuous production
    D) Flow production

    Answer: A

    ...

    66) The just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing technique was originally developed in ________.
    A) the United States
    B) China
    C) Japan
    D) Germany

    Answer: C

    ...

    68) Which of the following statements is true regarding total quality management (TQM)?
    A) TQM emphasizes on a single effort at the start to improve the quality of its products.
    B) TQM largely increases the responsibility on each individual to focus on quality.
    C) TQM philosophy initially took hold in the U.S.
    D) TQM applies solely to an employee's activities based
    inside a factory.

    Answer: B

    ...

    69) ________ requires each individual to be focused on the quality of his or her own output.
    A) Total quality management
    B) Quality-of-life index
    C) Integrated business planning
    D) Organizational restructuring

    Answer: A

    ...

    70) A company using just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing involves ________.
    A) increased availability of components in large inventories
    B) quicker detection of defective materials and components
    C) easier training of sales staff regarding product descriptions
    D) benefits stemming from combining several Japanese technologies

    Answer: B

    ...

    71) Which of the following would companies do in markets that require long payback periods?
    A) divest operations
    B) implement retrenchment strategies
    C) emphasize on decruitment
    D) reinvest profits

    Answer: D

    ...

    72) When a market is experiencing rapid growth, a company will ________.
    A) emphasize on decruitment
    B) divest its operations
    C) reinvest in its operations
    D) implement retrenchment strategies

    Answer: C

    ...

    73) A loan in which a parent company deposits money with a host-country bank, which then lends the money to a subsidiary located in the host country is called a ________.
    A) syndicated loan
    B) back-to-back loan
    C) mortgage loan
    D) title loan

    Answer: B

    ...

    74) American Depository Receipts (ADRs) are ________.
    A) certificates that represent shares of stock in American companies
    B) dollar deposits made by foreign firms conducting business in the U.S.
    C) certificates that trade in the U.S. and represent shares of stock in a non-U.S. company
    D) currency deposits made in the U.S. by firms based in other countries

    Answer: C

    ...

    75) ________ are traded in Luxembourg and London and represent a specific number of shares in an outside company.
    A) Common stock
    B) Bills of lading
    C) Revocable letters of credit
    D) Global Depository Receipts

    Answer: D

    ...

    76) Which of the following is true of American Depository Receipts (ADRs)?
    A) Investors who buy ADRs have to pay a currency-conversion fee.
    B) There is a minimum purchase requirement for ADRs.
    C) Companies offer ADRs in the U.S. to appeal to mutual funds.
    D) ADRs are listed and traded in London and Luxembourg.

    Answer: C

    ...

    77) ________ is the financing obtained from investors who believe the borrower will experience rapid growth and who receive equity in return for their investment.
    A) Internal funding
    B) Venture capital
    C) Credit derivative
    D) Mortgage loan

    Answer: B

    ...

    78) Which of the following types of money adds to the volatility of emerging markets because it can be quickly withdrawn from its investment?
    A) hot money
    B) patient money
    C) key money
    D) fiat money

    Answer: A

    ...

    79) ________ refers to the foreign direct investment in factories, equipment, and land that cannot be pulled out of the market quickly.
    A) Hot money
    B) Patient money
    C) Fiat money
    D) Key money

    Answer: B

    ...

    80) Money earned from the sale of goods and services is known as ________.
    A) revenue
    B) dividend
    C) depreciation
    D) book value

    Answer: A

    ...

    81) The ________ of a company is the mix of equity, debt, and internally generated funds that it uses to finance its activities.
    A) enterprise value
    B) stock value
    C) capital structure
    D) corporate structure

    Answer: C

    ...

    82) ________ appeals to companies because it lowers the amount of taxes the companies must pay.
    A) Debt
    B) Equity
    C) Stock value
    D) Enterprise value

    Answer: A

    ...

    Scenario: Audio Component Outsourcing
    Echo Corporation manufactures high-quality audio components, such as speakers, amplifiers, and receivers, for home entertainment systems. Echo has been losing market share in recent years due to the competitive pricing of other audio component manufacturers that engage in outsourcing. Echo managers are attempting to convince Nathan Douglas, the firm's founder and CEO, that outsourcing would enable the firm to be more competitive without sacrificing quality.

    83) Which of the following is most likely a potential benefit for Echo if it outsources some of its manufacturing activities?
    A) heightened communications awareness
    B) increased activity in e-commerce sales
    C) strong intellectual property protection
    D) eliminating the exposure of assets to political risk

    Answer: D

    ...

    Verandas International is expanding its operations in North America. The Dutch company supplies customized furniture to five-star hotels. Verandas International is a leader in this industry, but the company believes it must increase its geographic reach to maintain that position.

    84) Economic forecasts reveal that the U.S. dollar is expected to decline relative to the Euro. Which of the following is the most advantageous method of obtaining funding for Verandas under these conditions?
    A) borrowing from U.S. banks
    B) issuing equity in Germany
    C) issuing equity in the U.S.
    D) borrowing from Dutch banks

    Answer: A

    ...

    85)* The Verandas U.S. subsidiary was turned down when it tried to borrow from a U.S. bank. The bank manager suggested that the parent firm deposit money with the U.S. bank's Dutch branch, and then the U.S. bank's home office would lend the money to the U.S. subsidiary. This type of arrangement is known as a(n) ________.
    A) mortgage loan
    B) title loan
    C) back-to-back loan
    D) syndicated loan

    Answer: C

    ...

    86) *If Verandas International chooses to pursue equity financing, but wants to avoid the time and money required to comply with stock exchange regulations, the company would most likely issue ________.
    A) American Depository Receipts
    B) bills of lading
    C) equity shares
    D) irrevocable letters of credit

    Answer: A

    ...

    1) The customary means by which a company fills up vacancies in its offices is called ________.
    A) a staffing policy
    B) an employment policy
    C) onboarding
    D) outsourcing

    Answer: A

    ...

    2) Which of the following is an appropriate and widely-used method for staffing international business operations?
    A) collective narcissism
    B) cronyism
    C) nepotism
    D) geocentric approach

    Answer: D

    ...

    3) Individuals from the home country manage operations outside the home country in ________ staffing.
    A) ethnocentric
    B) polycentric
    C) regiocentric
    D) geocentric

    Answer: A

    ...

    4) Which of the following statements is true of ethnocentric staffing?
    A) Ethnocentric staffing appeals to companies that maintain lose control over decision-making in branch offices abroad.
    B) Companies that use ethnocentric staffing formulate policies designed to work in every country in which they operate.
    C) Ethnocentric staffing is generally used to fill positions at all levels of an organization.
    D) In ethnocentric staffing, individuals from the host country manage the operations abroad.

    Answer: B

    ...

    5) A(n) ________ policy can be pursued to hire employees at all levels in an organization.
    A) ethnocentric staffing
    B) polycentric staffing
    C) vertical integration
    D) horizontal integration

    Answer: B

    ...

    6) Which of the following statements regarding ethnocentric staffing is true?
    A) It can facilitate the transfer of special know-how.
    B) It is a relatively inexpensive policy to implement.
    C) It allows a company to "blend in" with the local market.
    D) It is a poor choice for companies operating in highly nationalistic markets.

    Answer: A

    ...

    7) Which of the following is a major drawback of ethnocentric staffing?
    A) high costs of relocating managers
    B) loss of control over host-country operations
    C) loss of control over home-country operations
    D) difficulty in the transfer of special know-how between branches

    Answer: A

    ...

    8) In ________, operations outside the home country are managed by individuals from the host country.
    A) vertical integration
    B) horizontal integration
    C) ethnocentric staffing
    D) polycentric staffing

    Answer: D

    ...

    9) A(n)________ policy would give the foreign units of a company a degree of autonomy in decision-making.
    A) centralized production
    B) vertical integration
    C) mass customization
    D) polycentric staffing

    Answer: D

    ...

    10) An important advantage of polycentric staffing is that it ________.
    A) re-creates local operations in the image of home-country operations
    B) eliminates the high cost of relocating expatriate managers and their families
    C) helps a company develop global managers who can adjust easily to any business environment
    D) employs managers from home who will look out for the company's interests

    Answer: B

    ...

    11) The major drawback of polycentric staffing is the potential to ________.
    A) lose control of host-country operations
    B) experience a high incidence of expatriate failure
    C) create barriers for the host-country office
    D) create legal problems for the home-country office

    Answer: A

    ...

    12) A company that hires the best-qualified individuals, regardless of nationality, to manage foreign operations is utilizing a ________ approach.
    A) horizontal integration
    B) geocentric staffing
    C) ethnocentric staffing
    D) vertical integration

    Answer: B

    ...

    13) Which of the following statements is true of geocentric staffing?
    A) It reduces the high cost of relocating expatriate managers and their families.
    B) It employs managers exclusively from the home country to look out for the company's interests.
    C) It helps develop global managers who can adjust to any business environment.
    D) It emphasizes on re-creating local operations in the image of home-country operations.

    Answer: C

    ...

    14) A geocentric staffing policy is generally reserved for ________.
    A) top-level managers
    B) mid-level managers
    C) nonmanagerial employees
    D) lower-level staff

    Answer: A

    ...

    15) The major disadvantage of a geocentric staffing policy is its potential for ________.
    A) creating barriers for the host-country office
    B) being costly due to high salaries and moving costs of managers
    C) creating legal problems for the home-country office
    D) losing control of host-country operations

    Answer: B

    ...

    Scenario: Swingset International
    Jerome Johnston, the human resource manager at the U.S.-based Swingset International, is developing an international staffing policy for the company. Jerome personally believes Swingset should send managers from the United States to manage each subsidiary. But the CEO of the company, Valerie Vermont, believes subsidiary operations ought to be managed by individuals from the host country.

    16) The approach recommended by Jerome is called ________.
    A) vertical integration
    B) ethnocentric staffing
    C) horizontal integration
    D) geocentric staffing

    Answer: B

    ...

    17)* The approach recommended by Valerie is called ________.
    A) polycentric staffing
    B) ethnocentric staffing
    C) vertical integration
    D) horizontal integration

    Answer: A

    ...

    18) *Which staffing policy should Swingset consider if it wants its foreign operations to be managed by the best-qualified individuals regardless of nationality?
    A) nepotism
    B) ethnocentric staffing
    C) geocentric staffing
    D) employee referrals

    Answer: C

    ...

    32) Citizens of one country who are living and working in another are called ________.
    A) local employees
    B) domicile residents
    C) repatriates
    D) expatriates

    Answer: D

    ...

    33) Alec is an American working for a software company in Texas. He has been assigned to work on a project in China for a year. He would be considered as a(n) ________ in China.
    A) domicile resident
    B) expatriate
    C) host-country national
    D) third-country national

    Answer: B

    ...

    34) The process of forecasting both a company's human resource needs and its supply is called ________.
    A) human resource planning
    B) human resource accounting
    C) recruitment
    D) selection

    Answer: A

    ...

    35) Which of the following is the first phase of human resource planning?
    A) developing a plan to recruit and select people to fill vacant and anticipated new positions
    B) estimating the company's future human resource needs
    C) taking an inventory of the company's current human resources
    D) promoting employees to positions of greater responsibility

    Answer: C

    ...

    36) Which of the following phases of human resource planning involves decruitment?
    A) developing a plan to recruit and select people to fill vacant and anticipated new positions
    B) estimating the company's future human resource needs
    C) taking an inventory of the company's current human resources
    D) promoting employees to positions of greater responsibility

    Answer: A

    ...

    37) Planning for decruitment normally occurs when a company ________.
    A) discontinues manufacturing or selling in a market
    B) finds that current HR levels are lesser than anticipated needs
    C) plans to establish multiple foreign subsidiaries
    D) hires new executive leadership to implement a growth strategy

    Answer: A

    ...

    38) Which of the following terms is defined as the process of identifying and attracting a qualified pool of applicants for vacant positions?
    A) orientation
    B) outsourcing
    C) recruitment
    D) selection

    Answer: C

    ...

    39) To help speed up the process of getting approvals for local operations, a firm would most likely benefit from hiring ________.
    A) home-country managers from the company's headquarters
    B) managerial talent from the host country
    C) recent college graduates trained in the home country
    D) third-country expatriates with extensive experience in the field

    Answer: B

    ...

    40) ________ would most likely be recruited for nonmanagerial positions at foreign subsidiaries that do not require specialized skills.
    A) Recent graduates from colleges in the home country
    B) Home-country specialists
    C) Workers from the local host-country market
    D) Current employees from the company headquarters

    Answer: C

    ...

    41) Companies typically recruit ________ to train individuals placed in more demanding nonmanagerial positions at foreign branches.
    A) workers from the local market
    B) recent college graduates from the host country
    C) qualified third-party nationals
    D) specialists from the home country

    Answer: D

    ...

    42) The process of screening and hiring the best-qualified applicants with the greatest performance potential is called ________.
    A) performance appraisal
    B) orientation
    C) recruitment
    D) selection

    Answer: D

    ...

    43) The early return by an employee from an international assignment because of inadequate job performance is called ________.
    A) culture shock
    B) decruitment
    C) reverse culture shock
    D) expatriate failure

    Answer: D

    ...

    44) Which of the following is a psychological process affecting employees living abroad and is characterized by homesickness, irritability, confusion, aggravation, and depression?
    A) social loafing
    B) groupthink
    C) culture shock
    D) halo effect

    Answer: C

    ...

    45) The psychological process of readapting to one's home culture after working in a host-country culture is called ________.
    A) social loafing
    B) assimilation effect
    C) reverse culture shock
    D) expatriate failure

    Answer: C

    ...

    46) An expatriate manager who returns after a few years from an overseas assignment to find that there is no position for him in his home country office experiences a(n) ________.
    A) reverse culture shock
    B) expatriate failure
    C) cognitive dissonance
    D) assimilation effect

    Answer: A

    ...

    47) Which of the following is a reason why there are only a few managers who are ready and willing to go to foreign branches on short notice?
    A) expatriate failure
    B) decruitment
    C) culture shock
    D) social loafing

    Answer: C

    ...

    48) Which of the following is most likely to occur in the honeymoon stage of culture shock?
    A) new arrivals are fascinated by aspects of the new culture
    B) individuals become annoyed by unpredictable quirks of the new culture
    C) emotions hit rock bottom for visitors
    D) visitors better understand and appreciate local customs and behavior

    Answer: A

    ...

    Scenario: You're Hired!
    Erica Els has just been promoted as vice president of human resources for Hudson Foods, a U.S.-based international frozen food corporation. Erica's first task is to staff the company's European subsidiary.

    49) One challenge facing Hudson Foods as it expands into Europe is getting through all the bureaucratic and legal regulations surrounding the food industry. Erica plans to hire a manager to ensure that this challenge is overcome. Who among the following will Erica most likely recruit for this position?
    A) a local manager with strong government contacts
    B) an experienced manager from the Hudson Foods U.S. headquarters
    C) a native of the target market who is a recent U.S. college graduate
    D) a candidate from the U.S. with extensive management experience in the frozen food industry

    Answer: A

    ...

    50) * The new subsidiary's production facilities will employ approximately 100 full-time nonmanagerial workers. Who among the following will Erica most likely recruit to fill these positions?
    A) highly productive workers relocated from developing nations
    B) bilingual U.S. citizens who speak the language of the host country
    C) qualified workers from the local market
    D) workers from the American headquarters who are interested in gaining international experience

    Answer: C

    ...

    62) Which of the following constitutes the most basic level of training to prepare managers for international assignments?
    A) environmental briefings
    B) language training
    C) cultural assimilation
    D) field experience

    Answer: A

    ...

    63) A manager could most likely gain information on a local area's housing, health care, transportation, schools, and climate by participating in ________.
    A) language training
    B) environmental briefings
    C) field experience
    D) sensitivity training

    Answer: B

    ...

    64) Which of the following offers insight into a host country's political, legal, economic, and social institutions as a way of enhancing environmental briefings?
    A) language training
    B) field experience
    C) sensitivity training
    D) cultural orientation

    Answer: D

    ...

    65) Which of the following is the correct order of the different methods of cultural training from the least advanced to the most advanced?
    A) environmental briefings; language training; cultural orientations
    B) cultural orientations; field experience; language training
    C) cultural assimilation; language training; field experience
    D) sensitivity training; cultural orientations; field experience

    Answer: C

    ...

    66) ________ teaches an expatriate a culture's values, attitudes, manners, and customs.
    A) Cultural assimilation
    B) Cultural orientation
    C) Language training
    D) Cultural environmentalism

    Answer: A

    ...

    67) Which of the following methods of cultural training involves the use of guerilla linguistics?
    A) cultural orientation
    B) language training
    C) cultural assimilation
    D) cultural narcissism

    Answer: C

    ...

    68) Which of the following trains managers to be considerate and understanding of other people's feelings and emotions?
    A) cultural orientation
    B) sensitivity training
    C) language training
    D) cultural narcissism

    Answer: B

    ...

    69) Which of the following approaches to cultural training gets a trainee "under the skin" of the local people?
    A) language training
    B) cultural narcissism
    C) sensitivity training
    D) cultural orientation

    Answer: C

    ...

    70) Which of the following training approaches involve employees visiting another culture, walking the streets of its cities and villages, and becoming absorbed by the culture for a short time?
    A) language training
    B) field experience
    C) sensitivity training
    D) cultural orientation

    Answer: B

    ...

    71) Which of the following international assignment preparation methods involves a trainee feeling the stresses inherent in living in the culture?
    A) language training
    B) field experience
    C) sensitivity training
    D) cultural orientation

    Answer: B

    ...

    Scenario: Gem Jewels
    Gem Jewels recently established a number of subsidiaries in various foreign countries aiming to build high levels of international business involvement in the coming years. Cultural training has to be given by the company to home-country managers assigned to work in the new subsidiaries.

    72) The most basic level of training that can be given to the managers is ________.
    A) language training
    B) field experience
    C) sensitivity training
    D) environmental briefings

    Answer: D

    ...

    73) *If Gem Jewels wants its employees to get "under the skin" of the local people, it should provide ________.
    A) language training
    B) sensitivity training
    C) cultural orientations
    D) field experience

    Answer: B

    ...

    74) *If Gem Jewels wants its employees to get "into the minds" of the local people, it should provide ________.
    A) language training
    B) sensitivity training
    C) cultural orientations
    D) environmental briefings

    Answer: A

    ...

    75) *To teach its employees the values, attitudes, manners, and customs of the host-country culture, Gem Jewels should offer ________.
    A) language training
    B) environmental briefings
    C) cultural assimilation
    D) field experience

    Answer: C

    ...

    Scenario: Mr. Yoshimura goes to Tennessee
    Mr. Yoshimura, vice president of quality control at Oshimura Yarn, has recently been assigned to a three-year project at the company's Tennessee plant. Mr. Yoshimura has brought his wife and his three daughters with him from Yokohama to Tennessee.

    76)* Mr. Yoshimura and his family were initially very excited to see Tennessee but soon started missing their home, relatives and friends in Japan. They are facing ________.
    A) culture shock
    B) reverse culture shock
    C) expatriate failure
    D) cultural cringe

    Answer: A

    ...

    77) *Mr. Yoshimura's daughters are extremely unhappy and have been complaining every night about their lifestyle in the United States. They insist on returning to Japan. If Mr. Yoshimura gives in to his family members' pleas and decides to return home, which of the following will most likely be true about his experience?
    A) He and his family will experience reverse culture shock.
    B) He will leave his company within one year of returning home.
    C) His case will represent an instance of expatriate failure.
    D) He will be terminated from employment for failing to complete his assignment.

    Answer: C

    ...

    78) *If the family finds it difficult to adjust on returning to Japan after three years, they will experience ________.
    A) social loafing
    B) reverse culture shock
    C) expatriate failure
    D) halo effect

    Answer: B

    ...

    Scenario: Scooters Inc.
    Scooters Inc. is a producer of pricey scooters. The company's profits come mostly from the sales of its luxury line that caters to the esteem needs of the rich population. Ben Driven, vice president of marketing for Scooters Inc., has been asked to review the company's pricing strategy

    79) One lower-level position Erica must fill requires the employee to be familiar with the new market and its customs, traditions, and language. Also, the new hire must be comfortable with Hudson Food's organizational culture and business traditions. Who among the following will Erica most likely recruit for this position?
    A) a local fresher with strong government contacts
    B) an existing Hudson Foods employee from the United States
    C) a native of the target market who has completed a one-year internship at Hudson Foods
    D) an individual from the U.S. who has experience in the frozen food industry

    Answer: C

    ...

    85) ________ is the process of staffing a company and ensuring that employees are as productive as possible.
    A) Business process reengineering
    B) Human resource management
    C) Organizational diagnostics
    D) Industrial relations

    Answer: B

    ...

    86) The most common inducement that companies offer managers to accept international postings is ________.
    A) fringe benefits
    B) a financial bonus
    C) a vacation
    D) free housing

    Answer: B

    ...

    87) Managers who are asked to go into a particularly unstable country or one with a very low standard of living often receive a bonus called ________.
    A) hardship pay
    B) performance-related pay
    C) stock options
    D) fringe benefits

    Answer: A

    ...

    88) Which of the following is true of employee compensation in international companies?
    A) The most common inducement that companies offer managers to accept international postings is free accommodation.
    B) Companies need not cover the costs incurred by expatriate managers if the cost of living abroad is lower than that at home.
    C) The greater mobility of labor affects the wages of nonmanagerial workers today.
    D) Managers recruited from within the host country generally receive a much higher pay and lower perks than managers who work for local companies.

    Answer: C

    ...

    95) The positive or negative condition of relations between employers and their workers is referred to as ________.
    A) international relations
    B) labor-management relations
    C) corporatism
    D) organizational hierarchy

    Answer: B

    ...

    96) Large international companies tend to make high-level labor decisions at the home office because ________.
    A) it creates a sense of unity and solidarity between the labour unions and management members
    B) managers in the home office are better equipped than managers in the host-country office, to handle matters that affect workers personally
    C) it places decisions that have a direct impact on host-country workers' lives in the hands of the home-country experts
    D) it gives them greater control over their network of operations around the world

    Answer: D

    ...

    97) ________ allows labor representatives in Germany to participate in high-level company meetings by actually voting on proposed actions.
    A) Centralization
    B) Codetermination
    C) Individualism
    D) Authoritarianism

    Answer: B

    ...

    Scenario: Swingset International
    Jerome Johnston, the human resource manager at the U.S.-based Swingset International, is developing an international staffing policy for the company. Jerome personally believes Swingset should send managers from the United States to manage each subsidiary. But the CEO of the company, Valerie Vermont, believes subsidiary operations ought to be managed by individuals from the host country.

    98) Which of the following is a drawback of Jerome's staffing approach?
    A) expense to relocate managers
    B) potential for losing control of the host-country operations
    C) potential for losing control of the home-country operations
    D) inability to re-create local operations in the image of the home-country operations

    Answer: A

    ...

    99) An important advantage of the staffing policy recommended by Valerie is that it ________.
    A) re-creates local operations in the image of home-country operations
    B) eliminates the high cost of relocating expatriate managers and families
    C) helps the company develop global managers who can adjust easily to any business environment
    D) sends managers from home to look out for the company's interests

    Answer: B

    ...

    100) A major drawback of the staffing policy recommended by Valerie is ________.
    A) the potential for losing control of the host-country operations
    B) the necessity of depending on managers who don't know the local culture
    C) the potential for creating legal barriers to host-country operations
    D) the high cost of training managers in the language of the host country

    Answer: A

    ...

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