The stroop effect demonstrates people’s inability to ignore the __________ of words.
In Broadbent's filter model, the stages of information processing occur in which order? Show
a. Detector, filter, sensory store, memory b. Sensory store, filter, detector, memory c. Filter, detector, sensory store, memory d. Detector, sensory store, filter, memory The Stroop effect is a phenomenon that occurs when the name of a color doesn't match the color in which it's printed (e.g., the word "red" appears in blue text rather than red). In such a color test (aka a Stroop test or task), you'd likely take longer to name the color (and be more likely to get it wrong) than if the color of the ink matched the word. How the Stroop Effect WorksAlthough it might sound simple, the Stroop effect refers to the delayed reaction times when the color of the word doesn't match the name of the word. It's easier to say the color of a word if it matches the semantic meaning of the word. For example, if someone asked you to say the color of the word "black" that was also printed in black ink, it would be much easier to say the correct color than if it were printed in green ink. The task demonstrates the effect that interference can have when it comes to reaction time. It was first described during the 1930s by American psychologist John Ridley Stroop for whom the phenomenon is named. His original paper describing the effect has become one of the most famous, as well as one of the most frequently cited, in the history of psychology. The effect has been replicated hundreds of times by other researchers. For students of psychology looking for a relatively easy and interesting experiment to try on their own, replicating the Stroop effect can be a great option. Theories of the Stroop EffectResearchers don't yet know why words interfere with naming a color in this way, but researchers have proposed several theories:
What Is Automaticity? Other Uses of the Stroop TestOver time, researchers have altered the Stroop test to help study populations with brain damage and mental disorders such as dementia, depression, and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For example, in studying people with depression, researchers present negative words such as "grief" and pain" along with neutral words such as "paper" and "window." Typically, these people speak the color of a negative word more slowly than they do a neutral word. Performing Your Own Stroop TestThe original Stroop test included two parts. In the first, the written color name is printed in a different color of ink, and the participant is asked to speak the written word. In the second, the participant is asked to name the ink color. There are a number of different approaches you could take in conducting your own Stroop effect experiment.
Terms and Key QuestionsBefore you begin your experiment, you should understand these concepts:
What Is a Dependent Variable? Frequently Asked Questions
|