What is a social position that a person attains through personal effort or assumes voluntarily?

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Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life 1. According to your text, the building blocks of social structure include a. learned and unlearned customs. b. norms and laws. c. mandatory and voluntary behaviors. d. statuses and roles. e. cognitions and emotions. ANSWER: d 2. For sociologists, status is best described as a. a social position that a person occupies in society. b. the prestige that is attached to a particular role. c. a social position that a person is born into. d. the behavior expected of a person in a particular place in society. e. an inherent and immutable quality of individuals. ANSWER: a 3. According to sociologists, all statuses are important because statuses a. reflect individual choices. b. are inherent qualities. c. determine social identity. d. are immutable. e. are assigned by society. ANSWER: c 4. Which of the following is true of a status set? a. It changes only with significant effort. b. It changes only during childhood. c. It is achieved during adulthood. d. It changes throughout a person’s life course. e. It is set at birth and cannot be changed. ANSWER: d 5. Which of the following are examples of statuses that are relational or complementary? a. A Latino having a male friend b. An employee having a brother c. A lawyer having a sister d. A doctor having a patient e. A child having a pet ANSWER: d 6. Who among the following has an ascribed status? Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life a. A college graduate b. A student c. A customer d. An athlete e. An African American ANSWER: e 7. A(n) _____ status is a social position that a person attains through personal effort or assumes voluntarily. a. achieved b. assigned c. ascribed d. attributed e. designated ANSWER: a 8. Which of the following is an example of an achieved status? a. Mother b. Brother c. Latino d. Teenager e. Woman ANSWER: a 9. Which of the following is a difference between ascribed and achieved statuses? a. Ascribed statuses cannot be observed, whereas achieved statuses are readily observable. b. Unlike ascribed statuses, achieved statuses dictate social standing. c. Unlike ascribed statuses, achieved statuses remain the same from the time of birth. d. Ascribed statuses cannot be controlled, whereas achieved statuses can be controlled and changed. e. Ascribed statuses are variable, whereas achieved statuses are invariable. ANSWER: d 10. Which of the following statements is true about a master status? a. It is usually not apparent. b. It usually makes the biggest impression. c. It usually affects others but not the one who has it. d. It is always achieved. e. It is always ascribed. ANSWER: b 11. Status inconsistency is a. a social position that a person attains through personal effort. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life b. the actual behavior of a person who occupies a status. c. the behavior expected of a person who has a particular status. d. a shifting communication pattern that governs people’s interpersonal relationships. e. the conflict that arises from occupying social positions that are ranked differently. ANSWER: e 12. Brendon is a high school teacher and coach. To earn extra money, he works as a stocker at a grocery store at night. This is an example of status a. failure. b. inconsistency. c. ascription. d. performance. e. strain. ANSWER: b 13. Sociologists call the behavior expected of a person who has a particular status a(n) a. role. b. reification. c. mandate. d. qualification. e. externality. ANSWER: a 14. A(n) _____ is the _____ aspect of a status. a. role; permanent b. behavior; formal c. behavior; informal d. achievement; ascribed e. role; dynamic ANSWER: e 15. Which of the following is a similarity between statuses and roles? a. Like statuses, roles are relational. b. Like statuses, roles are static. c. Like statuses, roles are voluntary. d. Like statuses, roles are inherent. e. Like statuses, roles are invisible. ANSWER: a 16. Sociologists understand that roles are based on _____ and thus ensure that society is _____. a. rigid norms; stable Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life b. flexible ideas; constantly evolving c. inherent qualities; predictable d. personal choices; personally fulfilling e. mutual obligations; orderly ANSWER: e 17. Role _____ is the actual behavior of a person who occupies a status. a. presentation b. externalization c. playing d. performance e. fulfillment ANSWER: d 18. A role _____ is the array of roles attached to a particular status. a. portfolio b. set c. alternative d. dimension e. catalog ANSWER: b 19. _____ refers to the difficulties due to conflicting demands within the same role. a. Role rage b. Role strain c. Role conflict d. Role discrepancy e. Role inconsistency ANSWER: b 20. Which of the following is an effective way of minimizing role conflict and role strain? a. Tackling everything at once b. Desegregating roles c. Taking on more roles at a time d. Setting priorities e. Acquiring more statuses ANSWER: d 21. Mary is a single mother of two young children and works in an office. To make sure that her children arrive at school on time, Mary shifts her office timing so that she can work from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. on weekdays. Which coping strategy is Mary using to deal with the role conflict that she faces? Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life a. Denying that there is a problem b. Compromising any one role c. Exiting both the roles d. Compartmentalizing roles e. Setting priorities ANSWER: d 22. Jane is a married mother of two children, a kindergarten teacher, and a competitive athlete with Olympic hopes. She faces difficulties at home and at work because of the challenges she faces in playing these contradictory roles and, with the support of her spouse, decides to quit teaching. Which of the following coping strategies does Jane use to deal with the role conflict she faced? a. Denying that there is a problem b. Compromising c. Exiting roles d. Compartmentalizing roles e. Setting priorities ANSWER: a 23. Which of the following is NOT an effective way to deal with role conflict and role strain? a. Denying that there is a problem b. Deciding not to take on any more roles c. Using negotiation to decrease the conflict d. Setting priorities e. Exiting one or more roles or statuses ANSWER: a 24. Micro-level perspectives about social interaction a. cannot explain differing interpretations of some words. b. focus on structures and breaching them. c. cannot explain why people say what they say. d. study societal institutions and organizations. e. show how people interact in their daily lives. ANSWER: e 25. Symbolic interaction theorists use the term _____ to refer to a type of doublespeak that uses words or phrases that avoid a harsh, unpleasant, or distasteful reality. a. bureaucratese b. amphigory c. gobbledygook d. euphemism e. gibberish Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life ANSWER: d 26. Timothy and Kiley were asked to conduct an experiment by their sociology professor. They went to a local shopping mall and used the up escalator to go down and the down escalator to go up. They watched the reactions of others and wrote a paper describing the experience. Which of the following methodological tools were Timothy and Kiley using? a. Dramaturgical analysis b. Content analysis c. Frame analysis d. Autoethnography e. Ethnomethodology ANSWER: e 27. Amanda is a sales associate at a big box store where she, like her coworkers, is expected to be courteous and respectful to customers who do things like get angry at her about prices, insist that she repeatedly rerun their debit card despite it having been declined twice because they know they have enough, or walk up to her while she is wearing her store uniform shirt with a her store nametag and ask, “Do you work here?” However, once in the breakroom, Amanda and her coworkers express their true opinions. The breakroom would be understood in dramaturgical analysis as representing a. a safe space. b. the back stage. c. the front zone. d. a red zone. e. a staging area. ANSWER: b 28. Which of the following is an example of a tangible resource that people can bring to a relationship? a. Youth b. Status c. Intelligence d. Wealth e. Power ANSWER: d 29. Researchers have found which of the following statements to be true? a. During decision-making tasks, women are more talkative than men are. b. Men are more talkative than women are when talking about themselves. c. Men are more likely than women to speak more frequently and for longer periods. d. Women are more likely than men to interrupt others while talking. e. Women are more likely than men to give unsolicited and unwanted advice. ANSWER: c Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life 30. Researchers have found which of the following statements to be true? a. Generally, men are socialized to be more comfortable talking about their feelings. b. Women are more likely than men to do conversational maintenance work. c. Women show conversational dominance by reinterpreting the speaker’s meaning. d. Interaction differences between men and women are almost entirely innate. e. Men are much more likely than women to engage in uptalk. ANSWER: b 31. How do sociologists understand silence? a. It always expresses antisocial emotions or sentiments. b. It almost always embarrasses us and ends interactions. c. It is an uncommon nonverbal message. d. It means different things, depending on context. e. It is almost always unimportant and irrelevant to communication. ANSWER: d 32. Which of the following statements is true about gestures? a. Gestures have little meaning because they are nonverbal. b. The same gesture may have different meanings in different countries. c. Context is unimportant in interpreting gestures. d. Gestures are an example of verbal communication. e. Gestures do not send messages on their own. ANSWER: b 33. Which of the following statements is true about gendered touching? a. Men are more likely than women to initiate social hugs. b. Men are more likely than women to use touching to express support. c. Women are more likely than men to initiate touches that assert power. d. Men are more likely than women to use touching to express comfort. e. Men are more likely than women to use touching to show sexual interest. ANSWER: e 34. Which of the following statements is true about the demographic variations among Internet users? a. More women use the Internet than do men. b. Asian Americans are the most connected group in the United States. c. The higher the family income, the lesser the likelihood of Internet users in the family. d. Students in college are less likely to be Internet users than students in high schools. e. Americans aged 65 and older use the Internet more than any other age group. ANSWER: b 35. Which of the following statements is true about the effect of online interaction on families? Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life a. Social media has a more negative impact on committed than casual relationships. b. Social media has no effect on family ties. c. Social media has more positive effects on families. d. Social media has a more negative effect on ties between parents and children. e. Social media has had a mixed effect on families. ANSWER: e 36. Only _____ of American adults say they trust Facebook with their personal data. a. 24 percent b. 19 percent c. 12 percent d. 9 percent e. 3 percent ANSWER: e 37. People are acutely aware of social structure since they want to avoid violating norms. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 38. Because most are inherent, status sets stay largely consistent throughout life. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 39. For sociologists, status refers to the prestige associated with a position. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 40. Ascribed statuses are negative characteristics that are imposed on us by others. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 41. A master status is usually not immediately apparent to others a. True b. False ANSWER: False 42. People act out a status but occupy a role. a. True b. False Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life ANSWER: False 43. Roles are almost always flexible. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 44. For social exchange theorists, the most significant characteristic of all human communication is that people take each other and the context into account. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 45. According to social exchange theory, people bring various tangible and intangible resources to a relationship. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 46. According to interactionist theory, any of a person’s resources can be traded for more, better, or different resources that another person possesses. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 47. “Uptalk” is a style of speech in which the speaker tries to encourage, or buoy up others. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 48. In the workplace, women and men who occupy high-level decision-making positions have similar interaction styles with superiors but differ substantially with respect to how they treat subordinates. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 49. Cross-cultural research suggests that men smile more than women. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 50. The higher the socioeconomic status, the greater the consumption of space. a. True b. False Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life ANSWER: True 51. Cell phones have decreased the frequency of interaction between parents, especially when both are employed. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 52. Cyberbullying is more common than traditional bullying. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 53. Young people and LGBTQ individuals are especially likely to be targets of cyberstalking. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 54. The saying “once on the Internet, always on the Internet” is no longer true thanks to the efforts of privacy advocates, who have made sure that anything that a user deletes is actually deleted. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 55. Define the term social interaction and describe its characteristics. Use a social interaction you recently had to illustrate those characteristics. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Social interaction is the process by which people act toward and react to others around them. Social interaction includes verbal, nonverbal, face-to-face, and social media interactions, and is central to all human activity. Social interaction can be competitive or cooperative, and can be interpreted in various ways across cultures and groups over time. As people interact, they create social structure. 56. Define the term social structure and discuss its importance. Use a social interaction you recently had to illustrate your discussion of social structure. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Social structure is an organized pattern of behavior that governs people’s relationships. Because social structure shapes people’s actions, life is typically orderly and predictable rather than haphazard or random. People are often not aware of the impact of social structure until they violate cultural rules, formal or informal, that dictate their daily behavior. 57. Define status as sociologists use the term and discuss its characteristics. Use two of your own statuses to illustrate your discussion. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Status refers to a social position that a person occupies in a society. Thus, executive, secretary, physician, and nurse are all social statuses. Other examples of statuses are musician, voter, sister, parent, police officer, and friend. Sociologists do not assume that one Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life position is more important than another. A mother, for example, is not more important than a father, and an adult is not more important than a child. Instead, all statuses are significant because they determine social identity, or who a person is. 58. Define the terms ascribed status, achieved status, and master status, and discuss the importance of each. Illustrate your discussion with two ascribed statuses and two achieved statuses of your own, as well as your master status. ANSWER: Answers will vary. An ascribed status is a social position that a person is born into. People cannot control, change, or choose their ascribed statuses, which include sex (male or female), age, race, ethnicity, and family relationships. An achieved status, in contrast, is a social position that a person attains through personal effort or assumes voluntarily. Achieved statuses include college graduate, mother, and employee. Unlike ascribed statuses, achieved statuses can be controlled and changed. People have no choice about being a son or daughter (an ascribed status), but they have an option to become a parent (an achieved status). 59. Define the terms role conflict and role strain, as well as commonly used strategies for coping with them. Identify a situation in which you experienced role strain and one in which you experienced role conflict and discuss how you resolved it. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Role conflict refers to difficulties in playing two or more contradictory roles. Role strain refers to difficulties due to conflicting demands within the same role. To deal with role conflict and role strain, some people deny that there’s a problem. There are five more effective ways to minimize role conflict and role strain. We can reduce role conflict through compromise or negotiation; we can set priorities; we can compartmentalize our roles; we can decide not to take on more roles; and we can exit a role or status. 60. Define the term social construction of reality and discuss the role of “doublespeak” in maintaining it. Provide examples of each of the three types of doublespeak discussed in the text. ANSWER: Answers will vary. We produce, interpret, and share the reality of everyday life with others. This social construction of reality typically evolves through direct, face-to-face interaction, but the interaction can also be indirect, as in watching television or participating in social media. Businesspeople, advertisers, politicians, educators, and even social scientists use words intentionally to shape or change our perceptions of reality. For example, doublespeak is “language that pretends to communicate but really doesn’t. [It] makes the bad seem good, the negative appear positive, the unpleasant appear attractive or at least tolerable.” There are several kinds of doublespeak: Euphemisms are words or phrases that avoid a harsh, unpleasant, or distasteful reality; gobbledygook (or bureaucratese) overwhelms the listener with big words and long sentences; and inflated language makes simple everyday things seem complex. 61. Define ethnomethodology and discuss its use in understanding the rules of social interactions. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Ethnomethodology is the study of how people construct and learn to share definitions of reality that make everyday interactions possible. That is, people base their interactions on common assumptions about what makes sense in specific situations. People make sense of their everyday lives in two ways. First, by observing conversations, people discover the general rules that are used by all to interact. Second, people can understand interaction rules by breaking them. 62. Discuss the social purposes of eye contact. Analyze the eye contact you had in two recent social Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life interactions—one with a relative stranger and one with someone you knew well. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Eye contact serves several social purposes. First, people get much information about other people by looking at their eyes. Eyes open wide show surprise, fear, or a flicker of interest. When people are angry, they stare in an unflinching manner. When people are sad or ashamed, their eyes may be cast down. Second, appropriate eye contact depends on the social context. Especially during job interviews, eye contact conveys attentiveness, confidence, and respect. Finally, cultural norms affect eye contact. In many Asian cultures, including Japan, meeting other people’s eyes can be rude. 63. Discuss the digital divide—the tendency for some groups to have better access to the Internet than do others. Use what you know about common online activities to speculate about its impact. ANSWER: Answers will vary. About 87 percent of women and men use the Internet. Only 67 percent of Americans aged 65 and older are online compared with 96 percent of those aged 30 to 49, and 99 percent of 18- to 29-year-olds. Race, ethnicity, and social class also affect a person’s likelihood of being online. Asian Americans are the most connected group in the United States. Their greater “connectivity” is due primarily to high education and income levels. Many Asian American parents are professionals who can afford computers and online service, and they encourage their children to use technology for education, a major avenue of upward mobility. Asian Americans also tend to live in urban and suburban areas where high-speed Internet connections are readily available. The U.S. offline population has declined substantially—from 48 percent in 2000 to only 13 percent in 2016— but there’s still a digital divide between social classes. The higher a person’s education and family income, the greater the likelihood of being online. Thus, children from the poorest families are the most likely to lack technological skills. 64. Identify two costs and two benefits of the pervasive presence of electronic communication in our lives. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Social media has had a mixed effect on families. By age 3, many children have learned technological skills (e.g., creating a password, navigating some websites, and using tablets). Video games like Minecraft encourage school age children to build, explore, collaborate, and improve hand-eye coordination and problem solving. On the other hand, screen time erodes the quality and quantity of interaction between parents and young children. Cell phones have increased the frequency of interaction between parents, especially if both are employed, to coordinate schedules and to chat with their children. Also, parents report spending more time with their children by playing home video games. On the other hand, some children complain that they rarely receive their parents’ full attention because a parent is often immersed in email, texting, or being online even when pushing a swing, driving, or eating meals. Among adults who are married or in committed relationships, 74 percent say that the Internet, smartphones, and social media have strengthened their communication and emotional closeness. On the other hand, 20 percent believe that the technology has had a negative effect on their relationships (e.g., a cell phone distracts a spouse or partner when the couple is together, they argue about the amount of time one of them spends online). An increasing number of people use social media to discuss important matters, get social support, and keep up or revive dormant relationships. Millions of Americans turn to the Web to find romance. About 11 percent of Internet users (representing 9 percent of all American adults) have used online dating sites (e.g., Match.com, plentyoffish.com). Seventy percent of online daters believe that online dating is a good way to meet prospective marriage mates, but only 5 percent of Americans who are currently married or in a long-term relationship met their partner online. Online interaction develops networking skills, helps people find jobs, and encourages political Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life engagement. Some of the benefits of texting include faster communication and avoiding uncomfortable interactions. On the other hand, there’s a “constant compulsion to connect.” The more often young adults use Facebook, according to several studies, the unhappier they become, and regardless of gender, level of loneliness, or self-esteem. The root cause of the unhappiness is envy, even though Facebook users suspect that their “friends” Photoshop images and exaggerate their achievements, job success, vacations, and love life. Jealousy, anger, and loneliness are especially likely if Facebook users receive fewer positive comments, “likes,” and general feedback than their friends do. Relying too much on technology can hurt relationships. Smartphones are displacing (or reducing) romantic interactions and creating conflict when partners don’t give each other their full attention. Instead of mingling and conversing with coworkers during lunch or a break, many are texting or checking their email. Cyberbullying refers to deliberately using digital media to communicate false, embarrassing, or hostile information about someone. Cyberbullying is less common than traditional bullying, but has more profound negative outcomes that include depression, academic and mental health problems, severe isolation, and, most tragically, suicide. Cyberstalking is the repeated use of electronic communications to harass, threaten, or frighten someone. Nationally, 8 percent of Internet users have been cyberstalked to the point of feeling unsafe or afraid. Young people, particularly women under 30, and LGBTQ individuals are especially likely to be targets of cyberstalking. Cyberstalking may evolve into offline stalking, including abusive or harassing phone calls, vandalism, threatening or obscene mail, trespassing, and physical assault. 65. Define the term self-fulfilling prophecies and describe the relationship between social interaction and self- fulfilling prophecies. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Sociologist Robert Merton (1948/1966) proposed that our definitions of reality can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy: If we define something as real and act on it, it can, in fact, become real. For example, physical education teachers who publicly humiliate students may turn them off physical fitness for good. Thus, gym teachers’ negative comments make students feel inadequate, regardless of their ability, and change their behavior during adulthood. 66. Define dramaturgical analysis and apply it to a social interaction you recently had. Be sure to include discussion of impression management. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Dramaturgical analysis is a research approach that examines social interaction as if occurring on a stage where people play different roles and act out scenes for the “audiences” with whom they interact. According to sociologist Erving Goffman, life is similar to a play in which each of us is an actor, and our social interaction is much like theater because we’re always on stage and always performing. In our everyday “performances,” we present different versions of ourselves to people in different settings (audiences). For Goffman, a performance involves front- and back-stage behaviors. The front stage is an area where an actual performance takes place. In front-stage areas, such as living rooms or restaurants, the setting is clean and the servers or hosts are typically polite and deferential to guests. The back stage, an area concealed from the audience, is where people can relax. Bedrooms and restaurant kitchens are examples of back stages. After guests have left, the host and hostess may kick off their shoes and gossip about their company. In restaurants, cooks and servers may criticize the guests, use vulgar language, and yell at each other. Thus, the civility and decorum of the front stage may change to rudeness in the back stage. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life Because most of us try to present a positive image of ourselves, much social interaction involves impression management, a process of suppressing unfavorable traits and stressing favorable ones. To control information about ourselves, we often rely on props to convey or reinforce a particular image. For example, physicians, lawyers, and college professors may line their office walls with framed diplomas, medical certificates, or community awards to give the impression that they’re competent, respected, and successful. 67. Describe social exchange theory and apply it to an interaction you recently had with a stranger or casual acquaintance and to an interaction you had with someone you know well. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Social exchange theory proposes that individuals seek through their interactions to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs. An interaction that elicits a reward, such as approval or a smile, is more likely to be repeated than an interaction that evokes censure, such as disapproval or criticism. Interactions are most satisfying when there is a balance between giving and taking. Individuals must decide whether and which resources to exchange. People bring various tangible and intangible resources to a relationship (money, status, intelligence, good looks, youth, power, affection). Any of a person’s resources can be traded for more, better, or different resources that another person possesses. Many of the cost–reward decisions are conscious and deliberate, but others are passive or based on long-term negative interactions. 68. Define nonverbal communication and discuss its importance. Outline common visual forms of nonverbal communication. How do they facilitate communication? How do they impede communication? ANSWER: Answers will vary. Nonverbal communication refers to messages sent without using words. Visual cues include gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact. The same gestures can have different meanings in different cultures. Facial expressions reveal emotions, but they can be deceptive. First, our facial expressions don’t always show our true feelings. Our faces can lie about our feelings, and facial expressions can be misleading because of cultural variations. Eye contact serves several social purposes. First, we get much information about other people by looking at their eyes. Second, appropriate eye contact depends on the social context. Finally, cultural norms affect eye contact. Touching sends powerful messages about feelings and attitudes. It can be positive (hugging, embracing, kissing, and holding hands) or negative (hitting, shoving, pushing, spanking). Whether touching is viewed as positive or negative depends on the situation and one’s gender. As with other forms of nonverbal communication, the interpretation of touching varies from culture to culture. 69. Define and discuss cyberbullying and cyberstalking. Use your sociological imagination to explain why these behaviors have become such a common part of modern life. ANSWER: Answers will vary. Cyberbullying is less common than traditional bullying, but it has more profound negative outcomes that include depression, anxiety, severe isolation, and, most tragically, suicide. Harassment—from name-calling to threatening behavior—is becoming a common part of online life. Fully 72 percent of adult Internet users have seen someone harassed online, and 47 percent have experienced it personally. Half of the latter did not know the person who had most recently attacked them. Men are more likely to experience name-calling and embarrassment, whereas women are targets of more intense and serious forms of online assaults like sexual harassment and cyberstalking. Cyberstalking is the repeated use of electronic communications to harass, threaten, or frighten someone. Cyberstalking may evolve into offline stalking, including abusive or harassing phone calls, vandalism, threatening or obscene mail, trespassing, and physical assault. Tweeters can be engaging, funny, and supportive. Many of these faceless strangers can also Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14 Name: Class: Date: ch05: Social Interaction in Everyday Life be racist, sexist, abusive, and hateful. Because tweets are short and easy to read, public accusations and vile, ugly things said about anyone can quickly get a huge audience’s attention. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15 ...

What status is a social position a person assumes voluntarily?

What is the term for a social position that is assumed voluntarily and that reflects personal ability and effort?

What concept refers to a social position?

What is the term for a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily assumed later in life?