What kind of design would we use to see if changes in the independent variable causes changes in the dependent variable?
Experimental Designs Show
The Uniqueness of Experimental Methodology Experimental Control Determination of Causality Internal versus External Validity Another advantage of a well-designed experimental method is its high level of internal validity. A design that has high internal validity allows you to conclude that a particular variable is the direct cause of a particular outcome. In contrast external validity is often seen as a challenge for experimental work. External validity is the degree to which conclusions drawn from a particular set of results can be generalized to other samples and situations. The sample in a particular experiment may not represent the larger population of interest, and the experimental situation may not resemble the real-world context that it is designed to model because of its artificiality. The concern around artificiality is controversial and not shared by everyone who does psychological research. Key Constructs of Experimental Methods Independent and Dependent Variables Experimental
and Control Groups Placebo Effect Random Assignment Types of Experimental Designs Between-Subjects Designs Advantages of Between-Subjects Designs Disadvantages of
Between-Subjects Designs Within-Subjects Designs Advantages of Within-Subjects Designs Disadvantages of Within-Subjects Designs Matched Group Designs Advantages of Matched Group Designs Disadvantages of Matched Group Designs Confounding Factors and Extraneous Variables Participant Characteristics The Hawthorne Effect Demand Characteristics Other Confounds Strategies for Dealing with Confounds Hold Potential Confounding Variables Constant Vary Test Items and Tasks Use Blind and Double-Blind Designs Statistically Control for Variables that Can’t be
Experimentally Controlled Use Randomization and Counterbalancing Ceiling and Floor
Effects What Steele and Aronson Found Ethical Considerations in Experimental Design Placebo/Control Group and Denial of Treatment Confederates and Deceit What research design uses independent and dependent variables?Independent and dependent variables are generally used in experimental and quasi-experimental research.
What type of research design is used to measure the impact that an independent variable on another variable or why certain results are obtained?Correlational research is a type of nonexperimental research in which the researcher measures two variables and assesses the statistical relationship (i.e., the correlation) between them with little or no effort to control extraneous variables.
What type of experimental research design can be used if there are two independent variables?By far the most common approach to including multiple independent variables in an experiment is the factorial design. In a factorial design , each level of one independent variable (which can also be called a factor) is combined with each level of the others to produce all possible combinations.
What is a test where only the independent variable was changed?A fair test is a test that controls all but one variable when attempting to answer a scientific question. Only changing one variable allows the person conducting the test to know that no other variable has affected the results of the test.
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