What is the physical stimulus that vision detects?
|
Galanter E. Contemporary psychophysics. In: Brown R., Galanter E., Hess E.H., Mandler G., eds. New Directions in Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston; 1962:87–156. Google Scholar Jesteadt W., Bacon S.P., Lehman J.R. Forward masking as a function of frequency, masker level, and signal delay. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1982; 71:950–962. CrossRef ADS Google Scholar Gescheider G.A. Psychophysics: Method and Theory. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1985. Google Scholar Baird J.C., Noma E. Fundamentals of Scaling and Psychophysics. New York: Wiley; 1978. Google Scholar Laming D. Some principles of sensory analysis. Psychol. Rev. 1985; 92:462–485. CrossRef Google Scholar Stevens S.S. Psychophysics: Introduction to its Perceptual, Neural, and Social Prospects. New York: Wiley; 1975. Google Scholar Falmagne J.C. Elements of Psychophysical Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1985. Google Scholar Myers A.K. Psychophysical scaling and scales of physical stimulus measurement. Psychol. Bull. 1982; 92:203–214. CrossRef ADS Google Scholar Posner M.I., Snyder C.R.R., Davidson B.J. Attention and the detection of signals. J. Exp. Psychol.: General 1980; 109:160–174. CrossRef Google Scholar Norman D.A. Towards a theory of memory and attention. Psychol. Rev. 1968; 86:114–255. Google Scholar Eriksen C. W. Attentional search of the visual field. In: Brogan D., ed. Visual Search. London: Taylor and Francis; 1990:3–19. Google Scholar Lambert A.J. Expecting different categories at different location and selective attention. Quart. J. Exp. Psychol. 1987; 39A: 61–76. Google Scholar Johnston W.A., Dark V.J. Selective attention. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1986; 37:43–75. CrossRef Google Scholar Trevarthen C.B. Two mechanisms of vision in primates. Psychol. Forsch. 1968; 31:299–337. CrossRef Google Scholar Held R., Ingle D., Schneider G.E, Trevarthen C.B. Locating and identifying: Two modes of visual processing. Psychol. Forsch. 1967; 31: 42–62. CrossRef Google Scholar Treisman A., Gelade G. A feature-integration theory of attention. Cogn. Psychol. 1980; 12:97–136. CrossRef Google Scholar Julesz B. Towards an “axiomatic” theory of preattentive vision. In: Edelman G.M., Gall W.E., Cowan W.M., eds. Dynamic Aspects of Neocortical Function. New York: Wiley; 1984:160–187. Google Scholar Breitmeyer B.G., Ganz L. Implications of sustained and transient channels for theories of visual pattern masking, saccadic suppression, and information processing. Psychol. Rev. 1976; 83:1–36. CrossRef Google Scholar Jonides J. Towards a model of the mind’s eye’s movements. Can. J. Psychol. 1980; 34: 103–112. CrossRef Google Scholar Beck J. Similarity grouping and peripheral dicriminability under uncertainty. Am. J. Psychol. 1990; 85:1–19. CrossRef Google Scholar Mackworth N.H. Stimulus density limits the useful field of view. In: Monty R.A., Senders J.W., eds. Eye Movements and Psychological Processes. New York: Wiley; 1976:307–321. Google Scholar Bellamy L.J., Courtney A.J. Development of a search task for the measurement of peripheral visual acuity. Ergonomics 1981; 24:597–599. CrossRef Google Scholar Sanders A.F. Some aspects of the selective process in the functional visual field. Ergonomic 1970; 13:101–117. CrossRef Google Scholar Bartz A.G. Peripheral detection and central task complexity. Hum. Fact. 1976; 18:63–70. Google Scholar Ikeda M., Takeuchi T. Influence of foveal load on the functional visual field. Percept. Psychophys. 1975; 18(4):255–260. CrossRef Google Scholar Edwards D.C., Goolkasian P.A. Peripheral vision location and kinds of complex processing. J. Exp. Psychol. 1974; 102(2):244–249. CrossRef Google Scholar Shepherd M., Findlay J.M., Hockey R.J. The relationship between eye movements and spatial attention. Quart. J. Exp. Psychol. 1986; 38A:475–491. Google Scholar Cumming G.D. Eye movements and visual perception. In: Carterette E.C., Friedman M.P., eds. Handbook of Perception. New York: Academic; 1978:221–255. Google Scholar Hallett P.E. Eye movements. In: Boff K.R., Kaufman L., Thomas J.P., eds. Handbook of Perception and Human Performance (Vol. 1). New York: Wiley; 1973:10–112. Google Scholar Lancaster W.B. Fifty years experience in ocular motility. Am. J. Opthal. 1941; 24:485–595. Google Scholar Thomas J.G. Subjective analysis of saccadic eye movements. Nature 1961; 189:842–843. CrossRef ADS Google Scholar Ginsborg B.L. Small voluntary movements of the eye. Br. J. Opthal. 1953; 37:746–754. CrossRef Google Scholar Ditchburn R.W., Ginsborg B.L. Involuntary eye movements during fixation. J. Physiol. 1953; 119:1–17. Google Scholar Fuchs A.F. The saccadic system. In: Back-y-rita O., Collins C.C., Hyde J.E.,eds. The Control of Eye Movements. New York: Academic; 1971:343–362. Google Scholar Young L.R., Sheena D. Survey of eye movement recording methods. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. 1975; 7(5):397–429. CrossRef Google Scholar Schoonard J.W., Gould J.D., Miller L.A. Studies of visual inspection. Ergonomics 1973; 16:365–379. CrossRef Google Scholar Herman P.G., Hessel SJ. Accuracy and its relationship to experience in the interpretation of chest radiographs. Invest. Radiol. 1975; 19:62–67. CrossRef Google Scholar Yerushalmy J. The statistical assessment of the variability in observer perception and description of Roentgenographic pulmonary shadows. Radiol. Clin. N. Am. 1969; 1:381–390. Google Scholar Guiss L.W., Kuenstler P. Aretrospective view of survey photofluorograms of persons with lung cancer. Cancer 1960; 13:91–95. CrossRef Google Scholar Gale A.G., Johnson F., Worthington B.S. Psychology and radiology. In: Oborne D.J., Gruneberg MM., Eiser J.R., eds. Research in Psychology and Medicine(Vol. 1). London: Academic; 1979:453–460. Google Scholar Tuddenham W.J. Visual search, image organization, and reader error in Roentgen diagnosis. Radiology 1962; 78:694–704. Google Scholar Kundel H.L., Nodine C.F., Carmody D. Visual scanning, pattern recognition, and decision making in pulmonary nodule detection. Invest. Radiol. 1978; 13:175–181. CrossRef Google Scholar Rayner K., McConkie G.W. What guides a reader’s movements? Vision Res. 1976; 16:829–837. CrossRef Google Scholar O’Regan J.K. Elementary perceptual and eye movement control processes in reading. In: Rayner L., ed. Eye Movements in Reading: Perceptual and Language Processes. New York: Academic; 1983:121–139. Google Scholar Carpenter P.A., Just M.A. What your eyes do while your mind is reading. In: Rayner K., ed. Eye Movements in Reading: Perceptual and Language Processes. New York: Academic; 1983:275–307. Google Scholar Shebilske W. Reading eye movements from an information processing point of view. In: Massaro D., ed. Understanding Language. New York: Academic; 1975: 291–311. Google Scholar Vaughan J. Control of visual fixation duration in search. In: Senders J.W., Fisher D.F., Monty R.A., eds. Movements and the Higher Psychological Functions. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1979:135–142. Google Scholar Boynton R.M. Summary and discussion. In: Morris A., Home E.P., eds. Visual Search. Washington: National Academy of Science; 1960:231–250. Google Scholar White C.T., Ford A. Eye movements during simulated radar search. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1960; 50:909–913. CrossRef ADS Google Scholar Ford A., White C.T., Lichenstein M. Analysis of eye movements during free search. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1959; 49:287–292. CrossRef ADS Google Scholar Loftus G.R. Eye fixations and recognition memory for pictures. Cogn. Psychol. 1972; 3:525–551. CrossRef Google Scholar Berlyne D.E. The influence of complexity and novelty in visual figures on orienting responses. J. Exp. Psychol. 1958; 55:289–296. CrossRef Google Scholar Yarbus A.L. Eye Movements and Vision. New York: Plenum; 1967. Google Scholar Baker M.A., Loeb M. Implications of measurements of eye fixations for a psychophysic of form perception. Percept. Psychophys. 1973: 13(2): 185–192. CrossRef Google Scholar Zusne L., Michels K.M. Nonrepresentational shapes and eye movements. Percept Mot. Skills 1964; 18:11–20. CrossRef Google Scholar Mackworth N.H., Morandi A.J. The gaze selects informative details within pictures. Percept. Psychophys. 1967; 2(11):547–552. CrossRef Google Scholar Buswell G. How People Look at Pictures. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1935. Google Scholar Hughes P.K., Cole B.L. The effect of attentional demand on eye movement behavior when driving. In: Gale A.G., Freeman M.H., Haslegrave C.M. et al., eds. Vision in Vehicles II. Amsterdam: North Holland; 1988: 221–230. Google Scholar Hochberg J. In the mind’s eye. In: Haber R.N., ed. Contemporary Theory in Visual Perception. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston; 1968:309–331. Google Scholar Gibson J.J. The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 1966. Google Scholar Neisser U. Conitive Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1967. Google Scholar Kundel H.L., La Follette P.S. Visual search patterns and experience with radiological images. Radiology 1972; 103:523–528. Google Scholar Mourant R.R., Rockwell T.H., Rackoff N.J. Driver eye movements and visual workload. Highway Res. Rec. 1969; 292:1–10. Google Scholar Kundel H.L., Wright D.J. The influence of prior knowledge of visual search strategies during the viewing of chest radiographs. Radiology 1969; 93:315–320. Google Scholar Gale A.G., Worthington B.S. Scanning strategies in radiology. In: Groner R., Menz C., Fisher D.F., Monty R.A., eds. Eye Movements and Psychological Factors: International View. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1983: 169–191. Google Scholar Tuddenham W.J., Calvert W.F. Visual search patterns in Roentgen diagnosis. Radiology 1961; 76:255–256. Google Scholar Walker-Smith G., Gale A.G., Findlay J.M. Eye movements during pattern perception. Perception 1977; 6:313–326. CrossRef Google Scholar Llewelyn-Thomas E. Search behavior. Radiol. Clin. N. Am. 1969; 7:403–417. Google Scholar Noton D., Stark L. Scan paths in eye movements during pattern perception. Science 1971; 171:308–311. CrossRef ADS Google Scholar Stark L., Ellis S.R. Scan paths revisited: Cognitive models direct active looking. In: Fisher D.F., Monty R.A., Senders J.W., eds. Eye Movements: Cognition and Visual Perception. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1981:193–226. Google Scholar Ellis S.R., Smith J.D. Patterns of statistical dependency in visual scanning. In: Groner R., McConkie G.W., Menz C., eds. Eye Movements and Human Information Processing. Amsterdam: North Holland; 1985:221–238. Google Scholar Spitz H.H. Scan paths and pattern recognition. Science 1971; 173:753. CrossRef ADS Google Scholar Didday R.L., Arbid M.A. Eye movements and visual perception: A ‘two visual system’ model. Int. J. Man-Machine Stud. 1975; 7:547–569. CrossRef MATH Google Scholar Locher P.J., Nodine C.F. The role of scan paths in the recognition of random shapes. Percept. Psychophys. 1972; 15(2):308–314. CrossRef Google Scholar Gale A.G., Findlay J.M. Eye movement patterns in viewing ambiguous figures. In: Groner R., Menz C., Fisher D.F., Monty R.A., eds. Eye Movements and Psychological Functions: International Views. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1983: 145–168. Google Scholar Groner R., Walder F., Groner M. Looking at faces: Local and global aspects of scan paths. In: Gale A.G., Johnson F., eds. Theoretical and Applied Aspects and Eye Movement Research. Amsterdam: North Holland; 1984: 523–533. Google Scholar Groner R. Eye movements, attention and visual information processing: Some experimental results and methodological considerations. In: Luer G., Lass U., Shallo-Hoffman J., eds. Eye Movement Research: Psyiological and Psychological Aspects. Toronto: C.J. Hogrefe; 1988: 295–319. Google Scholar Groner R., Menz C. The effects of stimulus characteristics, task requirements, and individual differences on scanning patterns. In: Groner R., McConkie G.W., Menz C., eds. Eye Movements and Human Information Processing. Proceedings of the XXIII International Congress of Psychology. Amsterdam: North Holland; 1985: 239–250. Google Scholar Smoker W.R.K., Berbaum K.S., Luebke N.H., Jacoby C.G. Spatial perception testing in diagnostic radiology. Am. J. Roentg. 1984; 143: 1105–1109. Google Scholar Walker G.E., Gale A.G., Roebuck E.J., Worthington B.S. Training and aptitude for mammographic inspection. In Megaw E.D., ed. Contemporary Ergonomics. London: Taylor and Francis; 1989: 456–460. Google Scholar Just M.A., Carpenter RA. A theeory of reading: From eye fixation to comprehension. Pychol. Rev. 1980; 87: 329–354. CrossRef Google Scholar Colquhoun W.R Circadian variations in mental efficiency. In: Colquhoun W.P., ed. Biological Rhythms and Human Performance. London: Academic; 1971: 39–107. Google Scholar Monk T.H. Temporal effects in visual search. In Clare J.N., Sinclair M.A., eds. Search and the Human Observer. London: Taylor and Francis; 1979: 30–39. Google Scholar Folkard S., Monk T.H. Chronopsychology: Circadian rhythms and human performance. In: Gale A., Edwards J., eds. Physilogical Correlates of Human Behavior. London: Academic; 1983: 52–78. Google Scholar Gale A.G., Murray D., Millar K., Worthington B.S. Circadian variation in radiology. In: Gale A.G., Johnson E, eds. Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Eye Movement Research. Amsterdam: North Holland; 1984: 312–321. Google Scholar Chi M.T.H., Glaser R. Farr M.J. The Nature of Expertise. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988. Google Scholar Getty D.J. Assisting the radiologists to greater accuracy. In: Kundel H.L., ed. Medical Imaging 1996; image perception, Proc SPIE, in press. Google Scholar Gale A.G., Astley S.M., Dance D.R. & Cairns A.Y. Digital Mammography. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1994. Google Scholar Hutt I.W., Astley S.M., & Boggis C.R.M. Prompting as an aid in mammography. In: Gale A.G., Astley S.M., Dance D.R. & Cairns A.Y., eds. Digital Mammography. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1994. Google Scholar Nodine C.F., Kundel H.L. Computer aided perception aids pulmonary nodule detection. In Kundel H.L., ed. Medical Imaging 1994; image perception, Proc SPIE 2166; 1994; 55–59. Google Scholar Sharpies M. Computer based tutoring of visual concepts: from novice to expert J. Compt. Assist. Learn. 1991; 7: 123–132. CrossRef Google Scholar |
