What does Vygotsky say about pretend play?

What does Vygotsky say about pretend play?

The Importance of Role Play in a Child's Life

Pretend Play forms a valuable and essential part of a child’s development. It’s now widely recognised by paediatricians and educators as an essential method of learning and development in young children. Several theorists such as Lev Vygotsky (Cognitive Development Theory) and Jean Piaget (Theory of Play) have identified the values of imaginative play as a necessary contributor to the development of a child. Imaginative play, which allows ideas and emotions to be moulded and rearranged, is a major feature of a child’s social and cognitive development.

Encouraging Imagination and Creativity

Research has identified that an important benefit of imaginative play is the development of a child’s capacity for cognitive flexibility and creativity. The ability to use our imagination is a cognitive skill that we all require throughout life. It’s important to ensure there are ample opportunities for children to experience, initiate and engage in imaginative play.

Supporting Social and Emotional Development

When a child engages in imaginative play and pretends to be different characters, they are essentially experimenting with the social and emotional roles of life. It’s about learning who they are as individuals, how the world works and how to walk in somebody else’s shoes. They develop empathy and learn how to co-operate, become responsible and share responsibility. Through make believe, imaginative play allows children to experience and express emotions and deal with them positively.

Improving Language and Communication Skills

It’s amusing to listen to children interact with their friends and share phrases, stories and sounds that we didn’t know they could make. Imaginative play allows children to experiment and learn about the power of communication, and how it affects others and themselves. It also helps them to understand that words help make ourselves heard and understood.

Imaginative play offers the perfect opportunity to expose children to new vocabulary, thus expanding it. They could spend a whole afternoon at “the supermarket” purchasing ingredients for dinner, or a whole morning at the “doctors” learning all the different words associated with check-ups and medical equipment such as a stethoscope.

Through role play, children learn to choose their words carefully when they communicate. They use their listening skills to understand what’s going on around them and how to fit in.

Developing Thinking, Learning and Problem-Solving Abilities

Imaginative play presents children with a variety of different problems to solve. Scenarios help them decide what games to play, what characters to take on, who will be involved, what the rules will be and how to fix issues if something “goes wrong”. Participating in pretend play requires a child to call upon cognitive thinking skills that they find themselves using in each aspect of everyday life. These skills will stay with them all the way through to adulthood.

Keiki Early Learning encourages play-based learning. We want children to be led by their imagination when they play, with no limits as to where their minds can take them. Our environments allows your child to use their imagination as a learning tool. We use song, dance and art to help utilize their creativity so that they learn new cognitive and personal skills. If you want your child to grow in a playful learning space, fill out our Enquiry Form today.

Exploring the reasons why imaginative play is so important in Early Childhood.


Why is imaginative or pretend play important in Early Childhood? We see that some of the leaders in this field, Piaget and Vygotsky place great importance in imaginative play in early childhood. 

'There is no activity for which young children are better prepared than fantasy play.  Nothing is more dependable and risk-free, and the dangers are only pretend.'  Paley, 2004

What does Vygotsky say about pretend play?

Piaget saw through play, an opportunity for children to exercise representational schemes but now this view is considered too limited with further studies highlighting different stages of imaginative play during a child’s early years (Berk, 2009).  

THE STAGES OF PLAY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Three stages have now been identified in the development of make-believe play which 'reflects the preschool child’s growing symbolic mastery:

·         Play increasingly detaches from the real-life conditions associated with it.

·         Play becomes less self-centred.

·         Play includes more complex combinations of schemes' (Berk, 2009).

Imaginative play is also considered important for the development of children’s cognitive and social skills.

Sociodramatic play or the make-believe play with others, allows for ideas to be passed around, built onto and understood by the many different players.  


Many studies show that 'make-believe strengthens a wide variety of mental abilities, including sustained attention, memory, logical reasoning, language and literacy skills, imagination, creativity, understanding emotions, and the ability to reflect on one’s thinking, inhibit impulses, control one’s own behaviour, and take another’s perspective' (Berk, 2009).

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What does Vygotsky say about pretend play?

'In play, a child stands taller than himself.  Vygotsky' 

He regarded imaginative play as a 'unique, broadly influential zone of proximal development in which children advance themselves' (Berk, 2009). 

According to Vygotsky, the relationship between child’s intentions and their actions changes in the preschool years. 


While younger preschoolers act spontaneously with little thought given to possible consequences, children by the end of preschool acquire the ability to plan their actions before executing them (Kozulin, Gindis, Ageyev, Miller, 2003). 

THE CONCEPT OF SELF REGULATION

The concept of self-regulation plays an essential role in Vygotsky’s view of child development in the preschool years.  

Vygotsky wrote about the development of self-regulation in two contexts – private speech and make-believe play (Kozulin et al., 2003).  


He found private speech is used increasingly by preschool children to regulate a variety of their mental processes and their practical actions for the purposes of self-regulation.


Make believe play Vygotsky believed provided a unique context that strengthens the use of self-regulation through a system of roles and corresponding rules.  Through the creation of imagined situations, children separate mental representations from the objects and events for which they stand during pretend play – a broom might become a horse for instance.  As a result, children gradually come to 'realise that thinking (or the meaning of words) is separate from objects and that ideas can be used to guide behaviour' (Berk, 2009) thereby strengthen their internal capacityto become self-regulating.

RULES OF PLAY

Make-believe play is also rule-based.  Through pretend play, young children are learning to control their impulses and follow the rules of play; moreover, drawing on their own experiences, children develop an understanding of social norms and strive to act in socially desirable ways.

HOW CAN I SUPPORT THIS IN THE CLASSROOM?

Berk (2009) suggests make-believe play in early childhood can be enhanced by –

·         Providing sufficient space and play materials.

·         Supervising and encouraging children’s play without controlling it.

·         Offering a variety of both realistic materials and materials without clear functions.

·         Ensuring that children have many rich real-world experiences to inspire positive fantasy play.

·         Helping children solve social conflicts constructively.


What does Vygotsky say about pretend play?


What is the theory of pretend play?

Pretend play might be a zone of proximal development, an activity in which children operate at a cognitive level higher than they operate at in nonpretense situations. Alternatively, pretend play might be fool's gold, in that it might appear to be more sophisticated than it really is.

What is Vygotsky's view of make believe play?

Vygotsky emphasized the importance of symbolic play—the make-believe that emerges in toddlerhood and that flourishes during the preschool years, evolving into sociodramatic sce- narios with peers involving complex coordination of roles.

What do Piaget and Vygotsky say about play?

Where Piaget presented the child as a 'lone scientist', Vygotsky emphasised the social and cultural aspects of play. He argued that during play children were able to think in more complex ways than in their everyday lives, and could make up rules, use symbols and create narratives.

What theorist talks about imaginative play?

Several theorists such as Lev Vygotsky (Cognitive Development Theory) and Jean Piaget (Theory of Play) have identified the values of imaginative play as a necessary contributor to the development of a child.