Which medication is used to treat acute attacks of multiple sclerosis MS )?
At present, treatment for multiple sclerosis falls into three categories – abortive therapies, preventive therapies and symptomatic therapies. Show
Abortive TherapiesAn exacerbation (known as relapse, flare-up, or episode) is defined as new or returning neurological symptoms that have evolved over at least 24-48 hours and have not been provoked by a metabolic cause – such as a fever. Exacerbations can interrupt the ability to function, thus the goal of treatment is to accelerate recovery. For acute exacerbations of symptoms, steroids are sometimes prescribed to shorten the duration and severity of the attack. These are not the same steroids that we hear about in the news with professional athletes. The steroids used in MS treatment are known as glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids reduce inflammation and are used in various illnesses and conditions (such as allergic reactions and asthma). The use of steroids in MS usually involves intravenous (through a vein in the arm) methylprednisolone given once a day for three-to-five days. Sometimes the intravenous steroid is followed with steroid pills, given in a tapering dose for an additional 1-2 weeks. Preventive TherapiesOver the past 17 years, seven preventive treatments have been FDA approved to reduce the frequency and severity of multiple sclerosis exacerbations or to treat worsening MS. Briefly, these treatments include:
The interferons and glatiramer acetate are all given by injection (shots). Education programs have been developed to help patients and family members learn to inject these medications.
Symptomatic TherapiesAs the inflammation and damage from multiple sclerosis can interrupt normal nerve transmission in the brain and spinal cord, many symptoms can occur. Some of these may be transient and some may become permanent. Management of symptoms requires good communication between the patient and the MS provider, persistence, and often the expertise of multiple specialists. The major goals of symptom management are to maintain independent function and improve quality of life. Although medications are available to help with many symptoms, medications may be only part of the answer. Often, rehabilitation strategies such as physical therapy and occupational therapy are very helpful in improving and maintaining normal function. Consultation with specialists such as urologists, psychiatrists, and pain management specialists may be extremely helpful. Changes in mobility may require a specialist in orthotics as well as the physical and occupational therapist. A coordinated, comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to MS care is the best approach for the long-term management of multiple sclerosis. Request an AppointmentFor more information about MS treatment options, request an appointment with our doctors. To request an appointment or refer a patient, please contact the Johns Hopkins Multiple Sclerosis Center at 410-614-1522. Adult Neurology: 410-955-9441 Whether you're crossing the country or the globe, we make it easy to access world-class care at Johns Hopkins. Which medications are used for the acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?Treating exacerbations
The most common treatment regimen is a three or five-day course of intravenous (Solu-Medrol® - methylprednisolone) or oral (Deltasone® - prednisone) corticosteroids.
What are three drugs for multiple sclerosis?The FDA has approved eight oral medications for the treatment of MS.. Fingolimod (Gilenya) ... . Teriflunomide (Aubagio) ... . Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) ... . Diroximel fumarate (Vumerity) ... . Monomethyl fumarate (Bafiertam) ... . Cladribine (Mavenclad) ... . Siponimod (Mayzent) ... . Ozanimod (Zeposia). What is the first line treatment for multiple sclerosis?There are currently five DMDs used as first line treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Beta interferon 1a (available under the trade name Avonex®) – given by injection into a muscle (intramuscular) once a week using a pre-filled syringe.
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